Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Which feature is typical of an automatic process, such as reading a familiar word?
Moray found that people often noticed their own name in the unattended ear during shadowing. Why was this a problem for Broadbent's filter model?
The Sally–Anne task is used to test whether a child has:
A longitudinal design is preferred over a cross-sectional design when a researcher wants to:
A friend suggests hitting a punching bag to "get anger out of your system". What does research by Bushman and others suggest?
Which variation in Asch's study reduced conformity most dramatically?
A person avoids buses, shops, open car parks and queues because escape might be difficult if they panic. Which diagnosis fits best?
A chronic heavy drinker develops confusion, an unsteady gait and abnormal eye movements. Which deficiency must be treated urgently?
Answer: D · It is fast and hard to stop once started
Automatic processes are fast, effortless, need little attention and are difficult to suppress. Controlled processes are slow, effortful and flexible.
Answer: A · It shows some unattended input is analysed for meaning
An early, all-or-none filter should block meaning in the unattended channel. Treisman's attenuation model proposed that unattended input is weakened rather than blocked, so important words still get through.
Answer: A · Theory of mind
Passing the false-belief task shows the child understands others can hold beliefs that differ from reality, usually around age 4.
Answer: D · Track how the same individuals change over time
Longitudinal studies follow the same people, revealing individual change, but they take long and suffer from attrition. Cross-sectional studies compare different cohorts at one time.
Answer: D · Venting like this tends to increase later aggression
Studies find that venting anger through aggressive activity tends to keep anger active and increase later aggression, contrary to the catharsis idea.
Answer: B · One other confederate giving the correct answer
A single dissenting ally reduced conformity sharply (to about 5%), while increasing the majority beyond three or four people had little extra effect.
Answer: B · Agoraphobia
Agoraphobia involves fear of at least two situations (public transport, open spaces, enclosed spaces, crowds or queues, being outside alone) because escape or help might be unavailable.
Answer: B · Thiamine (vitamin B1)
Wernicke's encephalopathy results from thiamine deficiency and presents with confusion, ataxia and eye signs. Untreated, it can progress to Korsakoff syndrome with severe amnesia and confabulation.
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