Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
People verify "A robin is a bird" faster than "A penguin is a bird". This finding supports:
Evidence that short-term and long-term memory are separate stores comes from patients who:
Which attachment type is shown by an infant who is very distressed at separation and both seeks and resists contact at reunion?
For a trait, identical twins correlate 0.8 and fraternal twins correlate 0.5. Using Falconer's formula, the rough heritability estimate is:
Deindividuation refers to:
Why are the results of the Stanford prison experiment treated with caution today?
The diathesis–stress model proposes that mental disorders arise from:
A client's binge eating occurs at least once a week for three months, with loss of control and distress, but no vomiting, laxatives or excessive exercise. Which diagnosis fits?
Answer: A · Prototype theory and graded category membership
The typicality effect shows that category membership is graded. Items close to the prototype are classified faster, which the classical definitional view cannot explain.
Answer: D · Have impaired long-term learning but normal digit span, and others with the opposite pattern
H.M. had normal short-term memory but could not form new long-term memories, while patient K.F. had poor short-term verbal memory but intact long-term learning: a double dissociation.
Answer: D · Insecure-resistant (ambivalent)
Insecure-resistant infants are highly upset when the caregiver leaves and show ambivalence on reunion, seeking contact but also pushing away.
Answer: D · 0.6
2 × (0.8 − 0.5) = 0.6. The formula assumes both twin types share their environments to the same degree, which may not be fully true.
Answer: B · Loss of self-awareness and personal responsibility in groups or anonymity
Anonymity and group immersion can reduce self-awareness, making behaviour that violates norms more likely.
Answer: D · Guards were partly coached and demand characteristics were strong
Recordings and interviews suggest guards were encouraged to be tough and some acted a role, raising doubts about the conclusion that the situation alone produced the cruelty.
Answer: A · An underlying vulnerability combined with environmental stress
The model holds that a predisposition (biological or psychological) leads to disorder only when triggered by sufficient stress.
Answer: D · Binge-eating disorder
Binge-eating disorder involves recurrent binges with distress but without regular compensatory behaviour. Bulimia requires compensatory behaviour, and anorexia requires significantly low weight.
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