Introduction to Psychology: cram pack

Lists of similar-sounding letters (B, G, V, T) are harder to recall immediately than dissimilar letters (F, K, Y, W). This suggests short-term memory:

1. AHas unlimited capacity for letters
2. BMainly codes verbal information acoustically
3. CStores letters mainly as visual images of their shapes
4. DMainly codes information by meaning

When older adults recall autobiographical memories, they recall a disproportionately large number from roughly ages 10 to 30. This is called:

1. AThe reminiscence bump
2. BFlashbulb memory
3. CThe recency effect
4. DInfantile amnesia

A 5-year-old says a boy who broke 15 cups by accident is naughtier than a boy who broke 1 cup while stealing jam. Piaget called this:

1. AHeteronomous morality (moral realism)
2. BFormal operational moral thought
3. CPost-conventional moral reasoning
4. DAutonomous morality (moral relativism)

In Vygotsky's theory, private speech in young children is seen as:

1. ASpeech mainly intended to communicate information to other people nearby
2. BA tool for guiding their own thinking that later becomes inner speech
3. CA sign of egocentrism with no function
4. DA symptom of a language delay

Which factor reduced obedience most in Milgram's variations?

1. AMoving the study to a prestigious university
2. BThe experimenter giving orders by telephone
3. CIncreasing the shock levels shown on the machine
4. DHaving the experimenter wear a lab coat

In Tajfel's minimal group studies, boys allocated points between an in-group and an out-group member. They often preferred options that:

1. AGave both boys the highest possible joint total of reward points
2. BMaximised the gap in their group's favour, even at a cost
3. CSplit the points exactly equally between both groups
4. DGave more to the out-group member so as to appear fair

Patients taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) must avoid foods rich in tyramine because:

1. AThe combination can cause a dangerous rise in blood pressure
2. BThe combination causes tardive dyskinesia
3. CTyramine causes severe weight loss
4. DTyramine blocks the antidepressant effect of MAOIs completely

A man who hears the word "thud" is admitted to hospital, then behaves normally. Staff record his note-taking as "engages in writing behaviour". In Rosenhan's study, what does this illustrate?

1. APseudopatients developed real symptoms in hospital
2. BOnce a label is applied, normal behaviour tends to be interpreted as a sign of the disorder
3. CStaff deliberately falsified records
4. DNote-taking is a recognised symptom of schizophrenia, so the staff were right to record it as such