Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
According to the levels-of-processing approach, which task leads to the best recall of words?
Participants practise retrieving some items from a studied category (e.g. "fruit – orange"). Later, unpractised items from the same category (e.g. "fruit – banana") are recalled worse than items from unpractised categories. This is:
Children get better at ignoring distractions and switching between tasks through childhood and adolescence. This improvement in executive function is linked mainly to maturation of the:
A child is shown a Smarties tube, guesses it contains sweets, and finds pencils. Asked what a friend who has not looked will think is inside, a typical 3-year-old says "pencils". This shows:
Hatfield distinguished passionate love from companionate love. Companionate love is best described as:
Moscovici's research showed that a consistent minority can influence a majority mainly through:
In Ellis's ABC model, what does "B" stand for?
A patient with schizophrenia stays motionless in an awkward posture for hours and resists attempts to move him. Which symptom cluster does this describe?
Answer: A · Deciding whether each word fits into a sentence
Craik and Lockhart argued that semantic (deep) processing gives better recall than structural or phonemic (shallow) processing.
Answer: A · Retrieval-induced forgetting
Anderson and colleagues showed that retrieval practice can inhibit related, competing memories, so remembering can itself cause forgetting.
Answer: D · Prefrontal cortex
Executive functions such as inhibition, working memory and flexible switching depend heavily on the prefrontal cortex, which continues developing into the twenties.
Answer: C · Difficulty understanding false beliefs
Like the Sally–Anne task, the Smarties task tests false-belief understanding. Most 3-year-olds fail, while most 4–5-year-olds pass.
Answer: A · Deep affection and commitment that grows over time
Passionate love is intense and often fades. Companionate love involves trust, friendship and commitment, and often becomes stronger over time.
Answer: D · Informational influence leading to private, deeper attitude change
A consistent minority makes the majority think about the issue, producing conversion: private change that may appear later, unlike the public compliance typical of majority influence.
Answer: D · Beliefs about the activating event
In the ABC model, an Activating event leads to emotional Consequences through the person's Beliefs. Changing irrational beliefs changes the consequences.
Answer: A · Catatonia
Catatonic features include stupor, posturing, waxy flexibility, mutism and negativism. In DSM-5 catatonia can occur with schizophrenia, mood disorders or medical conditions.
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