1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
A student who studied while drinking coffee recalls more when tested after drinking coffee. This illustrates:
- AFlashbulb memory
- BThe serial position effect
- CState-dependent memory
- DThe spacing effect
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
A patient with damage to primary visual cortex says he sees nothing in part of his visual field, yet points to objects there well above chance. This is called:
- AInattentional blindness
- BChange blindness
- CProsopagnosia
- DBlindsight
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
Which attachment type is shown by an infant who is very distressed at separation and both seeks and resists contact at reunion?
- ADisorganised only
- BInsecure-resistant (ambivalent)
- CInsecure-avoidant
- DSecure
4.Developmental psychologyHard
A teacher plans maths lessons. Which plan fits Vygotsky's view better than Piaget's?
- ATeach only the tasks that pupils can already complete independently, without any help
- BLet pupils discover the rules alone with no adult guidance
- CPair pupils with a more skilled partner and give guided help just beyond their level
- DWait until pupils reach the right stage before teaching the topic
5.Social psychologyMedium
The self-serving bias is the tendency to:
- AAttribute others' failures to bad luck
- BAttribute successes to ourselves and failures to external factors
- CUnderestimate our own abilities
- DRecall only negative information about ourselves, especially after failure
6.Social psychologyHard
Fischer and colleagues' meta-analysis of the bystander effect found that it was weaker when:
- AThere were more bystanders present
- BAll the bystanders were strangers
- CThe situation was more ambiguous
- DThe emergency was clearly dangerous
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
A person spends hours daily worrying that a small mark on their nose is ugly, checks mirrors constantly, and others see nothing wrong. Which diagnosis fits?
- ABody dysmorphic disorder
- BAnorexia nervosa
- CSocial anxiety disorder
- DIllness anxiety disorder
8.Clinical psychologyHard
In Seligman's later reformulation of learned helplessness (Abramson, Seligman and Teasdale), depression is most likely when people attribute negative events to causes that are:
- AInternal, stable and global
- BExternal, unstable and specific
- CExternal, stable and specific
- DInternal, unstable and specific
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: C · State-dependent memory
Why this is the answer
State-dependent memory is better recall when one's internal physiological or emotional state at retrieval matches the state at encoding.
Answer
C · State-dependent memory
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: D · Blindsight
Why this is the answer
Blindsight shows that some visual processing can guide behaviour without conscious awareness, probably through pathways that bypass primary visual cortex.
Answer
D · Blindsight
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: B · Insecure-resistant (ambivalent)
Why this is the answer
Insecure-resistant infants are highly upset when the caregiver leaves and show ambivalence on reunion, seeking contact but also pushing away.
Answer
B · Insecure-resistant (ambivalent)
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: C · Pair pupils with a more skilled partner and give guided help just beyond their level
Why this is the answer
Vygotsky argued that instruction can lead development through guided interaction. Piaget emphasised readiness and independent discovery.
Answer
C · Pair pupils with a more skilled partner and give guided help just beyond their level
5.Social psychology
Answer: B · Attribute successes to ourselves and failures to external factors
Why this is the answer
The self-serving bias protects self-esteem by taking credit for success and blaming circumstances for failure.
Answer
B · Attribute successes to ourselves and failures to external factors
6.Social psychology
Answer: D · The emergency was clearly dangerous
Why this is the answer
In dangerous emergencies, the need is obvious and bystanders may also provide physical support, so the reduction in helping caused by others is smaller.
Answer
D · The emergency was clearly dangerous
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: A · Body dysmorphic disorder
Why this is the answer
Body dysmorphic disorder is preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance that are slight or not observable, with repetitive behaviours such as mirror checking or seeking reassurance.
Answer
A · Body dysmorphic disorder
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: A · Internal, stable and global
Why this is the answer
The attributional reformulation proposed that a depressive attributional style explains bad events by internal, stable and global causes, which leads to hopelessness.
Answer
A · Internal, stable and global
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