1.Cognitive psychologyMedium
A patient can no longer form new long-term memories after brain surgery but remembers events from before the operation. This is called:
- ADissociative amnesia
- BInfantile amnesia
- CAnterograde amnesia
- DRetrograde amnesia
Introduction to Psychology: cram pack
Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 8 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
1Practice problems
2.Cognitive psychologyHard
People judge that more English words begin with K than have K as the third letter, although the reverse is true. Which heuristic explains this?
- ARepresentativeness: K-words look like typical English words
- BAvailability: words are easier to retrieve by first letter
- CAnchoring: the letter K is the first value people are given
- DFraming: the question describes the words as a loss
3.Developmental psychologyMedium
A parent sets strict rules, expects obedience without discussion and says "Because I said so". This style is:
- AAuthoritarian
- BUninvolved
- CPermissive
- DAuthoritative
4.Developmental psychologyHard
According to Erikson, older adults who look back on life with a sense of fulfilment achieve:
- AGenerativity
- BIntegrity
- CIndustry
- DIntimacy
5.Social psychologyMedium
Which concept describes believing that others share our opinions more than they actually do?
- AFalse consensus effect
- BJust-world belief
- CHalo effect
- DFundamental attribution error
6.Social psychologyHard
Steele and Aronson found that Black students did worse than White students on a hard verbal test when it was described as a measure of ability, but equally well when it was described as a non-diagnostic task. This shows that:
- AFraming a test can create performance gaps via stereotype threat
- BAbility differences between groups are fixed and cannot change
- CHard verbal tests are equally difficult for every student
- DThe way a test is described has no effect on how well people perform
7.Clinical psychologyMedium
Which statement about the monoamine hypothesis of depression is most accurate?
- AIt predicts that antidepressants improve mood within a few hours of a dose
- BIt links depression to low monoamine activity but struggles to explain the delayed drug response
- CIt proves that depression is caused only by low dopamine in the frontal lobe
- DIt has been fully confirmed by direct measurements of serotonin levels in the brains of living patients
8.Clinical psychologyHard
Which statement about the placebo effect in antidepressant trials is most accurate?
- APlacebo effects never occur in depression
- BPlacebos work only in physical illnesses
- CPlacebo response is so strong that antidepressants have never shown any benefit over it in trials
- DPlacebo response rates are substantial, so trials need control groups to show drug effects
2Solutions
1.Cognitive psychology
Answer: C · Anterograde amnesia
Why this is the answer
Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memories after the damage. Retrograde amnesia is loss of memories from before it.
Answer
C · Anterograde amnesia
2.Cognitive psychology
Answer: B · Availability: words are easier to retrieve by first letter
Why this is the answer
Tversky and Kahneman showed that ease of retrieval drives frequency judgements. Memory is organised by initial letters, so those examples come to mind more easily.
Answer
B · Availability: words are easier to retrieve by first letter
3.Developmental psychology
Answer: A · Authoritarian
Why this is the answer
Authoritarian parents are demanding but not very responsive and rarely explain rules. Authoritative parents are also firm but warm and give reasons.
Answer
A · Authoritarian
4.Developmental psychology
Answer: B · Integrity
Why this is the answer
Erikson's final stage, integrity versus despair, concerns accepting one's life as meaningful. Generativity versus stagnation belongs to middle adulthood.
Answer
B · Integrity
5.Social psychology
Answer: A · False consensus effect
Why this is the answer
The false consensus effect is the tendency to overestimate how common our own attitudes and behaviours are.
Answer
A · False consensus effect
6.Social psychology
Answer: A · Framing a test can create performance gaps via stereotype threat
Why this is the answer
When the test seemed to measure ability, the threat of confirming a stereotype impaired performance. Removing that framing removed the gap.
Answer
A · Framing a test can create performance gaps via stereotype threat
7.Clinical psychology
Answer: B · It links depression to low monoamine activity but struggles to explain the delayed drug response
Why this is the answer
The hypothesis grew from the effects of drugs on monoamines. The delay of several weeks before benefit suggests that downstream changes, such as receptor adaptation, matter too.
Answer
B · It links depression to low monoamine activity but struggles to explain the delayed drug response
8.Clinical psychology
Answer: D · Placebo response rates are substantial, so trials need control groups to show drug effects
Why this is the answer
Placebo response in depression trials is often 30–40%, so randomised placebo-controlled designs are needed to show the specific effect of a drug.
Answer
D · Placebo response rates are substantial, so trials need control groups to show drug effects
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