Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Which instruction about preparing powdered infant formula is correct?
A child has suspected septic shock. Which action is the most time-critical?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion of 100 units of regular insulin in 250 mL runs at 10 mL/h. How many units per hour D does the patient receive?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A bag contains dobutamine 500 mg in 250 mL. The order is 2.5 mcg/kg/min for a patient who weighs 86 kg. At what rate R do you set the pump, in mL/h? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 12-hour shift. The IV infusion ran at the rate shown for the whole shift. Find the total intake I in mL.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 500 mL infusion starts at 07:30 at 75 mL/h. After 3 hours the rate is changed to 60 mL/h and is not changed again. How many hours t after the start will the bag be empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: A · Follow the stated water-to-powder ratio exactly and do not warm bottles in a microwave
Formula that is too concentrated can cause dehydration and kidney strain, and over-diluted formula can cause poor growth and low sodium. Microwaves heat unevenly and can leave hot spots that burn the mouth.
Answer: C · Giving IV antibiotics as soon as possible, ideally within the first hour
In septic shock, IV antibiotics are given as soon as possible, ideally within an hour of recognition, after cultures are taken if this does not cause delay. Fluid resuscitation and close monitoring are started at the same time.
Answer: D = 4 units/h
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: R = 6.5 mL/h
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: I = 1100 mL
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: t = 7.6 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 7 h 35 min, so the bag runs out at about 15:05.
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