Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Which drink is best for a child with mild dehydration from gastroenteritis?
The mother of a 6-week-old says the baby cries for hours and she fears she might lose control. What is the best advice?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion contains 50 units of regular insulin in 250 mL. The order is 0.1 units/kg/h for a patient who weighs 98 kg. Find the pump rate R in mL/h. Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dobutamine infusion of 250 mg in 250 mL runs at 17 mL/h. The patient weighs 105 kg. What dose D in mcg/kg/min is the patient receiving? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 12-hour shift. The patient weighs 80 kg. Find the average urine output U in mL/kg/h. Round to two decimal places.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 500 mL bag runs by pump at 50 mL/h. At 14:30, 150 mL have already been infused. How many hours t until the bag is empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: C · Oral rehydration solution
Oral rehydration solution has the right balance of sodium and glucose to promote water absorption. Juice, fizzy drinks and many sports drinks contain too much sugar and too little sodium and can worsen diarrhoea.
Answer: D · Put the baby safely in the cot, take a few minutes' break and ask for support
Crying peaks at about 6–8 weeks and can be very stressful. Parents are taught that it is safe to put the baby down and take a break, never to shake a baby, and how to get help from partners, family or health services.
Answer: R = 49 mL/h
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: D = 2.7 mcg/kg/min
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: U = 0.42 mL/kg/h
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: t = 7 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 7 h 00 min, so the bag runs out at about 21:30.
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