Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
A child with suspected measles is admitted. Which precaution is most important?
A child on chemotherapy for leukaemia was in close contact with a classmate who has chickenpox. What should the nurse do?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). An infusion of 250 units of regular insulin in 250 mL runs at 15 mL/h. How many units per hour D does the patient receive?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dobutamine infusion of 500 mg in 250 mL runs at 36 mL/h. The patient weighs 83 kg. What dose D in mcg/kg/min is the patient receiving? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 12-hour shift. The IV infusion ran at the rate shown for the whole shift. Find the fluid balance B = intake − output in mL (a negative answer means a net loss). Count ice chips as half their volume.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 1000 mL bag runs by pump at 50 mL/h. At 16:00, 200 mL have already been infused. How many hours t until the bag is empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: D · Airborne precautions, ideally in a negative-pressure room
Measles spreads through the air and can remain in a room for up to about 2 hours. Airborne precautions, a negative-pressure room where available and immune staff are required.
Answer: C · Tell the oncology team at once, as preventive treatment may be needed
In immunosuppressed children, chickenpox can cause severe pneumonia, hepatitis and encephalitis. After exposure, the team may give varicella-zoster immunoglobulin or antivirals. Live varicella vaccine is not given during chemotherapy.
Answer: D = 15 units/h
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: D = 14.5 mcg/kg/min
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: B = 265 mL
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Positive: more fluid went in than came out.
Answer: t = 16 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 16 h 00 min, so the bag runs out at about 08:00.
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