Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 6 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
A 12-year-old with type 1 diabetes will play a long football match. What should the nurse advise?
A 7-year-old has a high fever, refuses to bear weight and has a warm, very tender area over the lower tibia. Which plan is most likely?
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A bag contains 25 000 units of heparin in 500 mL. The order is 14 units/kg/h for a patient who weighs 79 kg. At what rate R do you set the pump, in mL/h? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A dopamine infusion of 400 mg in 250 mL runs at 28 mL/h. The patient weighs 92 kg. What dose D in mcg/kg/min is the patient receiving? Round to one decimal place.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). The record shows a patient's intake and output for one 8-hour shift. The IV infusion ran at the rate shown for the whole shift. Find the total intake I in mL.
Practice exercise (made-up values, not clinical guidance). A 1000 mL bag runs by pump at 80 mL/h. At 16:30, 500 mL have already been infused. How many hours t until the bag is empty? Round to one decimal place.
Answer: A · Check glucose before playing and keep fast-acting carbohydrate at hand
Exercise increases glucose uptake by muscles, so hypoglycaemia can occur during or after sport, even overnight. Checking glucose, having extra carbohydrate and adjusting insulin as advised make sport safe and beneficial.
Answer: C · Blood cultures and prompt IV antibiotics for possible osteomyelitis
Acute osteomyelitis in children is most often caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Blood cultures are taken and IV antibiotics started promptly, followed by a long course to prevent bone damage and chronic infection.
Answer: R = 22.1 mL/h
Heparin and insulin infusions: concentration = units in the bag/bag volume (units/mL). Pump rate (mL/h) = units per hour/concentration, and units per hour = mL/h × concentration. For a weight-based order, units/h = units/kg/h × weight first. A bolus volume = units needed/vial strength. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: D = 8.1 mcg/kg/min
Titrated drips: first find the concentration in mcg/mL (mg × 1000/mL). For a weight-based order, mcg/min = mcg/kg/min × weight. Then mL/h = mcg/min × 60/concentration. Working backwards, mcg/kg/min = mL/h × concentration/(60 × weight). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: I = 1890 mL
Intake and output: intake counts everything that goes in (oral fluids, IV infusions, IV medications and flushes, tube feeds); ice chips count as half their volume. Output counts urine, drains, vomit and other losses. Balance = total intake − total output; a negative balance is a net loss. The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
Answer: t = 6.3 h
Infusion time: time (h) = volume to infuse (mL)/rate (mL/h); use the volume still left in the bag, not the bag size. Volume infused = rate × time. Convert decimal hours to hours and minutes with the fraction × 60 (0.5 h = 30 min, not 50 min). The numbers are for practice only; at the bedside always follow local protocols and have high-risk doses double-checked.
That is about 6 h 15 min, so the bag runs out at about 22:45.
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