Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“After the long drought, the first rain fell. Farmers stood in their fields with their faces turned up to the sky.” How do the farmers most likely feel?
“Ms. Lee’s plants on the sunny windowsill grew tall and green. The same plants in the dark corner stayed small and turned yellow.” What conclusion is best supported?
The ages of the patients seen at a clinic one morning were 27, 33, 27, 29, 26, 39, 19, 27. What is the mode M?
A recipe uses 3.75 cups of flour for 5 batches of muffins. At the same rate, how many cups of flour x are needed for 10 batches?
Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Which structure is found in the posterior mediastinum?
Why do myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated ones?
Why does ketoacidosis typically develop in untreated type 1 diabetes but rarely in type 2?
An organism is multicellular, makes its own food by photosynthesis and has cell walls of cellulose. Which kingdom does it belong to?
Why does the body store long-term energy as fat rather than as glycogen?
Rubbing alcohol evaporates faster than water at room temperature. What does this suggest?
A gas is at 1 atm in a 6 L container. At the same temperature, it is compressed to 2 L. What is the new pressure?
Choose the correct verb: “Everyone in the waiting room ___ tired.”
Which sentence avoids a vague pronoun reference?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The edges of the wound were necrotic.”
What does the term polyuria mean?
Answer: C · Relieved
After a long drought, the rain is what the farmers needed, so standing in it with faces turned up shows relief and joy.
Answer: B · These plants need light to grow well.
The only difference given is light, and the plants in sunlight grew better, so the plants need light to grow well.
Answer: M = 27
Mean, median, mode and range: the mean (average) is the sum divided by the number of values. The median is the middle value once the values are in order; with an even number of values it is the mean of the two middle ones. The mode is the value that occurs most often. The range is the largest value minus the smallest.
Answer: x = 7.5 cups
Ratios and proportions: a ratio a : b compares two amounts. In a proportion two ratios are equal, a/b = c/d, and you solve it by cross-multiplying: a·d = b·c. To share an amount in the ratio m : n, divide it into m + n equal parts; one share is m parts, the other n parts.
Answer: B · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle; the tricuspid valve does the same on the right side.
Answer: C · Oesophagus
The posterior mediastinum contains the oesophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins and thoracic duct. The heart and ascending aorta are in the middle mediastinum; the thymus is in the superior and anterior mediastinum.
Answer: C · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
Myelin insulates the axon, so action potentials are only generated at the nodes of Ranvier. This saltatory conduction is much faster.
Answer: B · Even low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
Insulin strongly inhibits lipolysis and hepatic ketone production. In type 1 there is almost no insulin, so fatty acids flood the liver and ketones build up.
Answer: C · Plants
Multicellular organisms that photosynthesise and have cellulose walls are plants. Fungi absorb food and have chitin walls, animals have no walls and bacteria are prokaryotes.
Answer: A · Fat holds more than twice the energy per gram
Lipids give about 9 kcal per gram, carbohydrates and proteins about 4 kcal per gram, so fat is a compact energy store.
Answer: C · Its intermolecular forces are weaker than water's
Liquids with weaker attractions between molecules evaporate more easily (they are more volatile) and have lower boiling points. Water's extensive hydrogen bonding makes it evaporate more slowly.
Answer: C · 3 atm
P₂ = 1 × 6/2 = 3 atm. A third of the volume gives three times the pressure.
Answer: C · looks
“Everyone” is singular, so it takes the singular verb “looks”. The phrase “in the waiting room” does not change the subject.
Answer: A · The hospital announced that visiting hours will change.
In B, C and D, “they” and “it” do not refer to any specific noun. A names who made the announcement.
Answer: A · Made up of dead tissue
Necrotic tissue is dead tissue, often black or grey, that may need to be removed.
Answer: D · Passing large amounts of urine
Poly- (much) + -uria (urine). Anuria is no urine, dysuria painful urination and haematuria blood in the urine.
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