Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
Some birds, such as Arctic terns, migrate thousands of kilometres every year. Scientists think birds find their way using the sun, the stars and Earth’s magnetic field. Which word best describes the scientists’ explanation?
“The new manager listened to every complaint, thanked staff for raising them and posted a list of changes the following week.” What can be inferred about the manager?
The line graph shows the number of people in a waiting room every 2 hours, from hour 0 to hour 10. What was the largest increase Δ between two neighbouring readings (2 hours apart)?
Solve for x: 5(x − 6) = 6x − 40.
Where does fertilisation most commonly take place?
Which coronary artery most often supplies the sinoatrial (SA) node?
Where does the final activation step of vitamin D (1-alpha hydroxylation) take place?
In pernicious anaemia, autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells leads to anaemia because:
Why do root hair cells have long, thin extensions?
A pondweed plant is placed in water, and a lamp is moved closer to it. The plant gives off more bubbles per minute. What is the best conclusion?
A red blood cell is placed in a concentrated (hypertonic) salt solution. What happens?
In the reaction CuO + H₂ → Cu + H₂O, which substance is reduced?
Choose the correct word: “All hospital ___ must complete the safety training.”
Which phrase puts the adjectives in the usual English order?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Smoking increases morbidity from heart and lung disease.”
What does the term hyperlipidaemia mean?
Answer: C · Uncertain
“Scientists think” shows the explanation is a likely idea, not something fully proven.
Answer: C · The manager takes staff concerns seriously.
Listening, thanking staff and acting quickly with a list of changes show that the manager takes concerns seriously.
Answer: Δ = 10
Reading charts and tables: read the title, the categories and the scale first. On a bar chart or line graph, follow the top of the bar or the point across to the vertical axis; every gridline is one step of the scale. A pie chart shows parts of a whole: a sector of p% stands for p% of the total and has an angle of p% of 360°.
Answer: x = 10
Solving equations: do the same thing to both sides until x stands alone. Undo operations in reverse order: first undo addition or subtraction, then multiplication or division. Clear parentheses with the distributive property, a(x + b) = ax + ab, and collect the x terms on one side. Check the answer by substituting it back.
Answer: C · Ampulla of the uterine tube
Fertilisation usually occurs in the ampulla of the uterine (fallopian) tube. The embryo then travels to the uterus to implant.
Answer: A · Right coronary artery
The SA nodal artery arises from the right coronary artery in roughly 60% of people and from the circumflex artery in the rest.
Answer: C · Kidney
Vitamin D is made in the skin or eaten, hydroxylated in the liver, and then activated to calcitriol in the kidney. Kidney failure therefore causes vitamin D deficiency.
Answer: C · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, needed for B12 absorption in the terminal ileum. B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis and causes megaloblastic anaemia.
Answer: D · To increase the surface area for absorbing water
The long extension of a root hair greatly increases the surface area in contact with soil water, so the root can absorb water by osmosis and minerals by active transport more efficiently.
Answer: A · The bubbles are oxygen, and photosynthesis speeds up with more light
The bubbles are mainly oxygen from photosynthesis. More light means a higher rate, until another factor such as CO₂ or temperature becomes limiting. A good experiment would also keep the water temperature constant.
Answer: C · Water leaves the cell, which shrinks
The outside solution has more solute than the cell, so water moves out of the cell by osmosis. The cell shrivels, which is called crenation.
Answer: A · Copper oxide, because copper gains electrons
Cu²⁺ in CuO gains electrons to become Cu metal, so copper(II) oxide is reduced. Hydrogen gains oxygen and is oxidised.
Answer: D · personnel
“Personnel” (stress on the last syllable) means the employees of an organisation. “Personal” is an adjective meaning private or belonging to one person.
Answer: C · a lovely old wooden table
English adjectives usually follow the order opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, purpose. “Lovely” (opinion), “old” (age), “wooden” (material) follows that order.
Answer: C · Illness
Morbidity refers to illness or disease; mortality refers to death.
Answer: D · High levels of fat in the blood
Hyperlipidaemia (US: hyperlipidemia) is a raised level of lipids, such as cholesterol, in the blood.
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