Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“When the coach announced that Sam would start in the final game, Sam’s face lit up.” What does “Sam’s face lit up” mean?
The author writes: “Fluoride in drinking water has been linked to fewer cavities in many studies. However, the amount must be carefully controlled, because too much can stain children’s teeth.” Which statement would the author most likely agree with?
A runner recorded these distances in kilometres over 8 days: 25, 37, 31, 31, 24, 34, 8, 19. What is the range R?
A gym charges a one-time sign-up fee of $25 plus $35 per month. Maria has paid $270 in total. For how many months n has she been a member?
The head of the femur articulates with which structure?
In portal hypertension, oesophageal varices form at which portosystemic anastomosis?
The Frank–Starling mechanism describes that:
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
Why do red blood cells have a flattened, biconcave disc shape?
The wings of a bat and the wings of a butterfly are used for flying but have very different structures. What are they called, and what does this show?
What is the mass of 0.5 mol of NaCl (molar mass 58.5 g/mol)?
Cotton soaked in ammonia (NH₃) and cotton soaked in hydrogen chloride (HCl) are placed at opposite ends of a glass tube. A white ring of ammonium chloride forms closer to the HCl end. What does this show?
Choose the correct word: “The thermometer, ___ was new, broke on the first day.”
Which sentence makes a logical comparison?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Ask the patient to expectorate into the specimen cup.”
Which word is the opposite of flexion?
Answer: A · Sam looked very happy.
“Someone’s face lit up” is an expression meaning someone suddenly looks happy. Starting in the final would be good news for Sam.
Answer: A · Fluoride is helpful in the right amount.
The author supports fluoride’s benefits but stresses careful control of the dose.
Answer: R = 29
Mean, median, mode and range: the mean (average) is the sum divided by the number of values. The median is the middle value once the values are in order; with an even number of values it is the mean of the two middle ones. The mode is the value that occurs most often. The range is the largest value minus the smallest.
Answer: n = 7 months
Word problems: name the unknown (for example x = number of months), write the facts as one equation, solve it, and check that the answer makes sense in the story. A fixed fee plus a rate per unit gives total = fee + rate × units.
Answer: D · Acetabulum
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip bone, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis. The glenoid cavity is the shoulder's socket.
Answer: B · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
At the lower oesophagus, portal blood in the left gastric vein meets systemic blood in the oesophageal veins draining to the azygos system. High portal pressure dilates these veins.
Answer: D · Stroke volume rises when ventricular filling increases
Greater end-diastolic volume stretches the myocardium, which increases the force of contraction and the stroke volume, matching output to venous return.
Answer: A · High TSH and low free T4
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
Answer: C · It gives a large surface area for gas exchange
The biconcave shape increases surface area relative to volume and keeps the distance for diffusion short. It also makes the cells flexible enough to squeeze through narrow capillaries.
Answer: B · Analogous structures, which evolved separately for the same job
Analogous structures have similar functions but evolved independently in unrelated groups, a process called convergent evolution. Homologous structures share an origin, even if their functions differ.
Answer: C · 29.25 g
0.5 mol × 58.5 g/mol = 29.25 g. Dividing instead of multiplying gives 117, which has the wrong units.
Answer: A · The lighter NH₃ molecules diffuse faster than HCl molecules
At the same temperature, lighter gas molecules move faster on average. NH₃ (17 g/mol) is lighter than HCl (36.5 g/mol), so it travels farther and the gases meet nearer the HCl end.
Answer: C · which
“Which” is used for things in a nonessential clause. “Who” and “whom” refer to people.
Answer: C · Her salary is higher than her manager’s.
“Her manager’s” means “her manager’s salary”, so salary is compared with salary. B and C compare a salary with a person, and D uses a double comparative.
Answer: C · Cough up and spit out
To expectorate is to cough up and spit out mucus or sputum.
Answer: A · Extension
Flexion decreases the angle at a joint, while extension increases it, straightening the limb.
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