Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“The nurse checked the patient’s wristband, asked his name and date of birth, and compared them with the medicine order before giving the tablet.” Why did the nurse most likely do these checks?
“The village doctor knew every family by name. When the new hospital opened in the city, many patients still drove an hour to see her.” What can be inferred about why patients kept seeing her?
A pair of shoes costs $193.75. It is on sale at 20% off, and a sales tax of 5% is added to the sale price. What is the final price P? Round to the nearest cent.
The table shows the number of volunteers at centres A, B and C in 2024 and 2025. What percent p of all 2025 volunteers were at centre B? Round to the nearest whole number.
Which pulse is felt just behind the medial malleolus of the ankle?
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
What is the main function of pulmonary surfactant?
Why does a person with lactase deficiency get diarrhoea and bloating after drinking milk?
Why can DNA profiling (fingerprinting) identify individual people?
During the Industrial Revolution, soot darkened tree trunks in parts of England, and dark peppered moths became more common than pale ones. What best explains this?
Which element has the most metallic character?
Raising the temperature by 10 °C can roughly double the rate of many reactions. What is the main reason?
Choose the correct word: “It was ___ a long shift that everyone was exhausted.”
Which revision removes the ambiguous pronoun? “When Jason told Ben the news, he was upset.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The nurse will reposition the patient every two hours.”
Which word part means “kidney”?
Answer: C · To make sure the medicine went to the right patient
Checking the wristband, name and date of birth against the order confirms the patient’s identity, preventing medicine errors.
Answer: B · They valued her personal knowledge of them.
She knew every family by name, so patients probably valued her personal relationship with them enough to drive an hour.
Answer: P = 162.8 $
Discounts and sales tax: a discount of d% leaves (100 − d)% of the price; a tax of t% adds t% of the discounted price. Work in that order: price × (1 − d/100), then × (1 + t/100). Round money to the nearest cent only at the end.
Answer: p = 26 %
Percent means per hundred: p% of a number is (p/100) × the number. To find what percent A is of B, divide A by B and multiply by 100. A percent change compares the change with the original value: percent change = (new − original)/original × 100.
Answer: D · Posterior tibial artery
The posterior tibial artery passes behind the medial malleolus into the sole. The dorsalis pedis pulse is felt on the top of the foot.
Answer: D · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
Answer: D · To reduce surface tension in the alveoli
Surfactant, made by type II alveolar cells, lowers surface tension so alveoli do not collapse and the lungs are easier to inflate.
Answer: D · Undigested lactose draws water into the gut and is fermented by colonic bacteria
Unabsorbed lactose acts osmotically, pulling water into the lumen. Colonic bacteria ferment it, producing gas and short-chain fatty acids.
Answer: B · Repeated non-coding DNA regions vary in length between people
DNA profiling looks at regions with short repeated sequences. The number of repeats varies greatly between people, so the pattern of fragment sizes is almost unique to each person, except identical twins.
Answer: A · Birds found and ate fewer dark moths on the dark trunks
Dark moths were better camouflaged on sooty bark, so birds ate more pale moths. Dark moths survived and reproduced more, so the dark allele became more common: natural selection in action.
Answer: C · Caesium (Cs)
Metallic character (how easily an atom loses electrons) is greatest at the bottom left of the table. Caesium is in group 1, period 6, so it is the most metallic of these.
Answer: C · Many more collisions have at least the activation energy
Heating makes particles move faster, so collisions are slightly more frequent, but more importantly a much larger fraction of collisions have enough energy to react. The activation energy stays the same unless a catalyst is added.
Answer: C · such
“Such + a + adjective + noun + that” shows a result: such a long shift that. “So” is used directly before an adjective alone.
Answer: C · Ben was upset when Jason told him the news.
A names Ben as the person who was upset, and “him” can only refer to Ben. B and C keep the unclear “he”, and D is ungrammatical.
Answer: C · Move into a new position
To reposition is to change a person’s position, for example from lying on the back to lying on the side.
Answer: C · ren/o
Ren/o (like nephr/o) means kidney. Rhin/o is nose, hepat/o liver and oste/o bone.
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