Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith, a teacher in Massachusetts who wanted an indoor game for his students during the cold winter.” Why did Naismith invent basketball?
“The bakery’s sales rose by 30% after it began selling coffee. The owner wonders whether to start selling sandwiches as well.” What can be reasonably inferred?
A pair of shoes costs $217.25. It is on sale at 20% off, and a sales tax of 7% is added to the sale price. What is the final price P? Round to the nearest cent.
In a 20% off sale, a stethoscope costs $44. What was the original price x, in dollars?
The circle of Willis at the base of the brain connects which two arterial supplies?
Which ligament of the knee prevents the tibia from sliding forward relative to the femur?
What is the main stimulus for breathing in a healthy person?
A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?
Two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) are crossed, and A is completely dominant. What is the expected phenotype ratio?
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a faulty CFTR protein, which forms a chloride channel in the cell membrane. Which process is directly affected?
How does atomic radius change going down a group?
Which sample contains the greatest number of atoms?
Choose the correct form: “She could ___ called earlier.”
What is the function of the underlined clause? “The nurse who trained me retired last year.”
What does the prefix endo- mean, as in “endoscopy”?
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The new law will ___ the use of tobacco in all public buildings.”
Answer: C · To give students an indoor winter game
Naismith wanted an indoor game for his students during the cold winter, which is why he invented basketball.
Answer: C · Adding coffee seems to have helped sales.
Sales rose after coffee was added, suggesting it helped. The passage gives no basis for predicting the effect of sandwiches.
Answer: P = 186 $
Discounts and sales tax: a discount of d% leaves (100 − d)% of the price; a tax of t% adds t% of the discounted price. Work in that order: price × (1 − d/100), then × (1 + t/100). Round money to the nearest cent only at the end.
Answer: x = 55 $
Reverse percentages: when a value has already been increased or decreased by a percent, the new value is a percent of the original, not the other way round. After a 20% discount the price is 80% of the original, so original = new price ÷ 0.80. Never add the 20% back on to the new price.
Answer: C · Internal carotid and vertebrobasilar systems
The circle of Willis links the internal carotid arteries with the basilar artery (formed by the vertebral arteries), allowing some collateral flow.
Answer: B · Anterior cruciate ligament
The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior translation of the tibia; a positive anterior drawer or Lachman test suggests an ACL tear.
Answer: A · A rise in arterial CO₂
Central chemoreceptors respond to CO₂ (through the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid). Low O₂ adds strongly to the drive only when PaO₂ falls well below normal, for example at high altitude.
Answer: D · High pH and low PaCO₂
Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.
Answer: B · 3 dominant : 1 recessive
Three of the four combinations (AA, Aa, Aa) carry at least one A and show the dominant trait; only aa shows the recessive one.
Answer: A · Movement of chloride ions through a membrane protein
The CFTR protein lets chloride ions cross the membrane. When it is faulty, chloride and water movement is reduced, so secretions such as airway mucus become thick and sticky.
Answer: C · It increases
Each step down a group adds another electron shell, so the outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and the atoms get larger.
Answer: D · 1 mol of CH₄
One mole of each contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules, but each CH₄ has 5 atoms, compared with 1 in He, 2 in O₂ and 3 in H₂O.
Answer: B · have
“Could have” (could’ve) + past participle is correct. “Could of” is a common error that comes from how “could’ve” sounds.
Answer: D · An adjective clause describing “nurse”
A clause starting with who, which or that that describes a noun is an adjective (relative) clause. Here it identifies which nurse retired.
Answer: A · Within
Endo- means inside: an endoscopy looks inside a hollow organ.
Answer: A · prohibit
To prohibit is to forbid by law or rule. Promote and permit mean the opposite.
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