Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
At the start of the shift, the nurse counted the patient’s tablets: 30. At the end of the shift, there were 27. The patient takes one tablet three times a day, and all doses were given on time during the shift. What can you conclude?
A table shows hours of sleep and test scores for four students: Ali 5 h, 62%; Ben 6 h, 70%; Cara 8 h, 85%; Dev 9 h, 83%. Which statement is best supported?
The line graph shows the outdoor temperature every 2 hours, from hour 0 to hour 10. By how much Δ did the value change from hour 2 to hour 6? Use a negative number for a decrease.
Your first 3 exam scores are 85, 68, 88. What score x do you need on the next exam for a mean of exactly 84 over all 4 exams?
Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
Why do myelinated axons conduct action potentials faster than unmyelinated ones?
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
A red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant, and all offspring have pink flowers. What does this show?
Two populations of one species live on separate islands for many thousands of years. When brought together, they can no longer interbreed. What has happened?
Which statement describes a saturated fat?
Cells oxidise glucose to CO₂ and water, as burning glucose does. How does cellular respiration differ from burning?
Which phrase uses a hyphen correctly with a prefix?
In which sentence is the underlined -ing word a participle (used as an adjective) rather than a gerund?
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “A sedentary lifestyle increases the risk of heart disease.”
Which word is the opposite of concave?
Answer: D · The count matches three doses given during the shift.
30 − 27 = 3 tablets, which matches three doses given during the shift, so the count is correct.
Answer: B · Here, more sleep was mostly linked to higher scores.
Scores mostly rise with sleep, but Dev slept most and scored slightly lower than Cara. So the link is general, not perfect, and four students cannot prove a rule.
Answer: Δ = −4 °C
Reading charts and tables: read the title, the categories and the scale first. On a bar chart or line graph, follow the top of the bar or the point across to the vertical axis; every gridline is one step of the scale. A pie chart shows parts of a whole: a sector of p% stands for p% of the total and has an angle of p% of 360°.
Answer: x = 95
Mean, median, mode and range: the mean (average) is the sum divided by the number of values. The median is the middle value once the values are in order; with an even number of values it is the mean of the two middle ones. The mode is the value that occurs most often. The range is the largest value minus the smallest.
Answer: C · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle; the tricuspid valve does the same on the right side.
Answer: A · Right superior gluteal nerve
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
Answer: D · The impulse jumps between nodes of Ranvier
Myelin insulates the axon, so action potentials are only generated at the nodes of Ranvier. This saltatory conduction is much faster.
Answer: D · High TSH and low free T4
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
Answer: C · Incomplete dominance
In incomplete dominance the heterozygote has an intermediate phenotype. In codominance both traits would show fully, for example red and white patches.
Answer: C · Speciation after geographic isolation
Geographic isolation stops gene flow. Over time, mutation, natural selection and chance change each population until they can no longer interbreed, forming new species.
Answer: B · Its fatty acid chains have no carbon–carbon double bonds
Saturated fatty acids have only C–C single bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens. Their straight chains pack closely, so saturated fats such as butter are usually solid at room temperature.
Answer: B · It releases the energy in many small, enzyme-controlled steps
Both processes have the same overall equation, C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O, and release the same total energy. Respiration breaks it into many enzyme-catalysed steps so energy can be captured (as ATP) instead of released at once as heat and light.
Answer: D · mid-July
When a prefix comes before a proper noun, a hyphen joins them: mid-July, un-American, pre-1990.
Answer: D · The crying baby needed a feeding.
In A, “crying” describes the noun “baby”, so it is a participle. In B, C and D the -ing word acts as a noun (subject, object or subject complement), so it is a gerund.
Answer: D · Inactive, with much sitting
Sedentary means involving little physical activity.
Answer: D · Convex
Concave curves inward and convex curves outward.
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