Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“Some people say that cats are unfriendly. My cat, Pepper, waits by the door every evening and sits on my lap while I read.” How does the writer use Pepper?
“By the time the ambulance arrived, a bystander had already started chest compressions and someone else had fetched the defibrillator from the lobby.” What does the passage suggest about the bystanders?
A triangle has a base of 12 m and a height of 10 m. What is its area A?
In a 20% off sale, a stethoscope costs $156. What was the original price x, in dollars?
Which two regions of the adult spine normally show a lordosis (curve concave towards the back)?
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
The Frank–Starling mechanism describes that:
A patient hyperventilating during a panic attack has tingling fingers. What would the arterial blood gas most likely show?
Identical twins raised in different homes have different body weights. What does this show?
In a drug trial, one group receives a sugar pill that looks like the real drug. Why?
You dilute 100 mL of a 2 M solution to a total volume of 400 mL. What is the new concentration?
Which substance has the lowest boiling point?
Choose the correct word: “We ___ in the front row yesterday.”
Choose the correct pronoun: “The instructor gave ___ nurses extra practice.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “She felt vertigo every time she stood up quickly.”
What does the term endometriosis mean?
Answer: C · As an example that goes against the claim
The writer describes a friendly cat to argue against the claim that cats are unfriendly. One cat cannot prove a general rule, but it serves as a counter-example.
Answer: B · They acted quickly before help arrived.
Compressions had started and the defibrillator had been fetched before the ambulance arrived, so they acted quickly.
Answer: A = 60 m²
Perimeter, area and volume: the perimeter is the distance around a shape (rectangle: 2l + 2w). Area is measured in square units: rectangle l × w, triangle ½ × base × height, circle π·r². The circumference of a circle is π·d = 2π·r. Volume is in cubic units: box l × w × h, cylinder π·r²·h. Use the value of π the question gives.
Answer: x = 195 $
Reverse percentages: when a value has already been increased or decreased by a percent, the new value is a percent of the original, not the other way round. After a 20% discount the price is 80% of the original, so original = new price ÷ 0.80. Never add the 20% back on to the new price.
Answer: B · Cervical and lumbar
The cervical and lumbar regions are lordotic (secondary curves). The thoracic and sacral regions are kyphotic (primary curves).
Answer: A · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
Answer: B · Stroke volume rises when ventricular filling increases
Greater end-diastolic volume stretches the myocardium, which increases the force of contraction and the stroke volume, matching output to venous return.
Answer: B · High pH and low PaCO₂
Hyperventilation blows off CO₂ and causes acute respiratory alkalosis. Alkalosis increases calcium binding to albumin, lowering ionised calcium and causing tingling.
Answer: D · The phenotype depends on environment as well as genotype
Since identical twins have the same genotype, differences between them must come largely from the environment, such as diet and activity. Phenotype results from both genes and environment.
Answer: B · To control for the placebo effect, the improvement caused by expecting treatment
A placebo group shows how much change happens without the active drug, so the true effect of the drug can be measured.
Answer: B · 0.5 M
The moles of solute stay the same: 2 × 100 = C₂ × 400, so C₂ = 0.5 M. Diluting four times lowers the concentration four times.
Answer: A · Helium
Helium atoms are tiny and attract each other only by very weak dispersion forces, so helium boils near −269 °C. Water has hydrogen bonds, while NaCl and iron have strong ionic and metallic bonds.
Answer: A · sat
“Sit” has the past tense “sat”. “Set” means to place an object and does not fit here.
Answer: A · us
“The instructor gave us extra practice” is correct, so “us nurses” is correct. The pronoun is an indirect object and needs the object form.
Answer: D · A spinning sensation
Vertigo is a sensation that you or your surroundings are spinning.
Answer: D · Tissue like the uterine lining growing outside the uterus
Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the endometrium grows outside the uterus; endometritis is inflammation of the lining.
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