sum/count; middle of ordered list; most frequent; max − min
Length, capacity, time
1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft, 1 mi = 5280 ft, 1 gal = 4 qt = 16 cups, 1 h = 60 min
Temperature
°F = °C·9/5 + 32, °C = (°F − 32)·5/9; a change of 1 °C = 1.8 °F
Area
rectangle l·w, triangle ½·b·h, circle π·r²
Perimeter and circumference
rectangle 2l + 2w, circle π·d = 2π·r
Volume
box l·w·h, cylinder π·r²·h; 1000 cm³ = 1 L
Speed
distance ÷ time (time in hours for mph or km/h)
Method
Read the last sentence first: what exactly is asked, and in which unit or form (lowest terms, nearest cent, one decimal place)?
Write the numbers in one form: turn mixed numbers into improper fractions, percents into decimals, and hours and minutes into one unit.
Pick the method: PEMDAS for expressions, a common denominator for adding fractions, part ÷ whole × 100 for percents, cross-multiplying for proportions, inverse operations for equations.
Work one step at a time and write each line down; round only at the very end.
Check the size of the answer with an estimate, and put an equation’s answer back in.
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Method
Find the subject and the verb of the sentence before choosing a form.
Strip away phrases (of the …, along with …) and extra people (you and …) to test agreement and pronoun case.
Check each clause: can it stand alone? Join independent clauses with a comma + conjunction or a semicolon.
Check modifiers and lists: the describing phrase next to its word, items in the same form.
For word choice and register, pick the precise, formal and concise option.
Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Method
Read the whole sentence and look for a context clue: a definition, a contrast, an example or a cause and effect.
Split an unfamiliar word into prefix, root and suffix and translate each part.
Read a medical term from the suffix back to the start (hepat-itis: inflammation of the liver).
Put each option into the sentence and check that the meaning still fits.
Choose the meaning used in this sentence, even if the word has another everyday meaning.
2Practice problems
1.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)Medium
“Maria ran to the window every time a car passed. At last, a red truck pulled into the driveway, and she rushed to the door shouting, ‘Dad’s home!’” What can you infer?
AMaria did not know who owned the red truck outside.
BMaria wanted the car to go away.
CMaria was afraid of the red truck.
DMaria had been waiting eagerly for her father.
2.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)Hard
A study reported that students who slept at least eight hours scored higher on tests than those who slept less. The study included 5000 students from many schools and controlled for age and family income. Why does the author mention the size of the study and the controls?
ATo show that family income does not matter in life
BTo suggest that the study was too small
CTo show the results are more trustworthy
DTo prove that sleep is the only cause of good grades
3.Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)Medium
The ages of the patients seen at a clinic one morning were 36, 6, 36, 39, 28, 6, 29, 36. What is the mode M?
36, 6, 36, 39, 28, 6, 29, 36
M =
4.Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)Hard
Which fraction or mixed number in lowest terms equals the decimal 3.019? Click it.
3.019
13 19/100
23 19/10000
33 19/1000
452 12/19
5.Human anatomyMedium
Which is the outermost layer of the meninges?
AChoroid plexus
BPia mater
CDura mater
DArachnoid mater
6.Human anatomyHard
When inserting a chest drain or needle into the pleural space, why is it placed just above the upper border of a rib?
AThe pleura is thickest just above each rib
BThe lung does not reach the area above each rib
CThe intercostal muscles are absent above each rib
DThe intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
7.Human physiologyMedium
Why can cardiac muscle not be tetanised like skeletal muscle?
AIt has no calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
BIts long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
CIt is controlled only by hormones
DIt is not striated
8.Human physiologyHard
Why does a person with a high spinal cord injury above T1 risk low blood pressure?
AThe phrenic nerve can no longer control the tone of the arteries
BRenin release from the kidney stops completely
CThe vagus nerve is cut, so the heart rate rises
DThe sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
9.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is a chromosomal translocation?
AA piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
BA piece of a chromosome is flipped around in place
CA piece of a chromosome is copied twice and stays in the same place
DOne DNA base is replaced by another base
10.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A student gives fertiliser to 2 tomato plants and none to 2 others. The fertilised plants grow taller. What is the main weakness of the conclusion that fertiliser increases growth?
AThe sample size is too small to rule out chance
BHeight cannot be measured accurately
CFertiliser should have been given to all four plants
DThere was no independent variable
11.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does a higher temperature usually affect how much of a solid dissolves in water?
AThe solid turns into a gas
BMore solid dissolves
CIt has no effect on solids
DLess solid dissolves
12.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What is the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃ (N = 14, H = 1, O = 16; molar mass 80 g/mol)?
A28%
B60%
C17.5%
D35%
13.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)Medium
Which word is written correctly with a hyphen?
Aself esteem
Bselfe-steem
Cselfesteem
Dself-esteem
14.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)Hard
Choose the correct verb: “I wish I ___ more time to study.”
Ahaving
Bwill have
Chave
Dhad
15.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)Medium
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “The patient’s urine output was scant during the shift.”
AMuch larger than normal
BVery small in amount
CVery dark in colour
DCloudy and strong-smelling
16.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)Hard
Choose the word that best completes the sentence: “The rash was ___ to the left arm and did not spread.”
Aconfined
Btransferred
Cdiffuse
Dexposed
3Solutions
1.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)
Answer: D · Maria had been waiting eagerly for her father.
Why this is the answer
Running to the window repeatedly and rushing to the door show that she was eagerly waiting for her father to come home.
Answer
D · Maria had been waiting eagerly for her father.
2.Reading comprehension (entrance exams)
Answer: C · To show the results are more trustworthy
Why this is the answer
A large sample and controls for other factors make the result more reliable. They do not prove sleep is the only cause.
Answer
C · To show the results are more trustworthy
3.Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)
Answer: M = 36
Mean, median, mode and range: the mean (average) is the sum divided by the number of values. The median is the middle value once the values are in order; with an even number of values it is the mean of the two middle ones. The mode is the value that occurs most often. The range is the largest value minus the smallest.
Count each value
6, 6, 28, 29, 36, 36, 36, 39
Most frequent
M = 36 (3×)
Answer
M = 36
4.Pre-nursing math (entrance exam)
Answer: 3 19/1000
Fractions, decimals and percents are three ways to write the same number. Fraction → decimal: divide the numerator by the denominator. Decimal → percent: multiply by 100 (move the point two places right). Percent → decimal: divide by 100. Decimal → fraction: write the digits over 10, 100 or 1000 (one zero per decimal place) and simplify.
Over a power of ten
0.019 = 19/1000
Simplify
19/1000
3.019 = 3 19/1000
Answer
3 19/1000
5.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Dura mater
Why this is the answer
From outside in the meninges are dura, arachnoid and pia mater. Cerebrospinal fluid flows in the subarachnoid space between arachnoid and pia.
Answer
C · Dura mater
6.Human anatomy
Answer: D · The intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
Why this is the answer
The intercostal neurovascular bundle (vein, artery, nerve from above down) lies in the costal groove under each rib. Going just above the rib below avoids it.
Answer
D · The intercostal vein, artery and nerve run along the lower border of each rib
7.Human physiology
Answer: B · Its long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
Why this is the answer
The plateau of the cardiac action potential gives a long refractory period, so the muscle relaxes before it can be excited again. This allows the heart to refill.
Answer
B · Its long refractory period lasts almost as long as the contraction
8.Human physiology
Answer: D · The sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
Why this is the answer
Sympathetic outflow leaves the cord at T1–L2. A lesion above it removes vasomotor tone and cardiac sympathetic drive while the vagus still works, causing hypotension and bradycardia (neurogenic shock).
Answer
D · The sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
9.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · A piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
Why this is the answer
In a translocation a segment moves to a non-homologous chromosome. Some translocations are linked to cancers, such as the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myeloid leukaemia.
Answer
A · A piece of one chromosome attaches to a non-matching chromosome
10.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The sample size is too small to rule out chance
Why this is the answer
With only two plants per group, natural differences between plants could explain the result. More plants and repeats would make the conclusion more reliable.
Answer
A · The sample size is too small to rule out chance
11.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · More solid dissolves
Why this is the answer
For most solids, solubility increases with temperature. Gases behave the other way: they are less soluble in warm water.
Answer
B · More solid dissolves
12.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 35%
Why this is the answer
NH₄NO₃ contains 2 N atoms: 2 × 14 = 28 g per 80 g. 28 ÷ 80 × 100 = 35%. Counting only one N gives 17.5%.
Answer
D · 35%
13.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Answer: D · self-esteem
Why this is the answer
Words formed with the prefix “self-” are normally hyphenated: self-esteem, self-care, self-control.
Answer
D · self-esteem
14.English grammar & language usage (entrance exams)
Answer: D · had
Why this is the answer
After “wish” for a present situation, English uses a past form to show it is not real: “I wish I had more time.”
Answer
D · had
15.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Answer: B · Very small in amount
Why this is the answer
Scant means barely enough or very little.
Answer
B · Very small in amount
16.Healthcare vocabulary (entrance exams)
Answer: A · confined
Why this is the answer
Confined means kept within limits. Diffuse would mean widely spread, the opposite.
Answer
A · confined
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