Formula sheets, the key method steps for every topic and 16 practice problems, with full solutions at the back.
“Water covers about 71 percent of Earth’s surface. Most of that water is salt water in the oceans. Only a small share is fresh water, and much of it is frozen in ice caps and glaciers.” What can you conclude from the passage?
“Every year, Grandpa planted one more apple tree. When people asked why, since he would not live to see them fruit, he smiled and said, ‘They are not for me.’” What does Grandpa’s answer suggest?
Work out 1/4 + 1/8. Click the answer in lowest terms.
A recipe uses 7.5 cups of flour for 5 batches of muffins. At the same rate, how many cups of flour x are needed for 11 batches?
Which muscle is the main extensor of the elbow?
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidney?
Which combination of signs is expected in a patient in early hypovolaemic shock after major bleeding?
What is meant by independent assortment in meiosis?
Volunteers drink 0, 100 or 200 mg of caffeine, and their heart rate is measured after 30 minutes. What is the dependent variable?
Which statement describes a saturated fat?
Which statement about a catalyst in a reversible reaction is correct?
Which sentence uses commas correctly for direct address?
Which choice combines the sentences most concisely? “Dr. Chen is a cardiologist. She will speak at the conference.”
Choose the meaning of the word in bold: “Keep the room well ventilated.”
In anatomy, which word is the opposite of superior?
Answer: C · Fresh liquid water is only a small part of Earth’s water.
Most water is salty, only a small share is fresh, and much of that is frozen, so liquid fresh water is a small part of the total.
Answer: C · He planted the trees for future generations.
Planting trees he would not see bear fruit, “not for me”, suggests he planted them for others, such as his family or future generations.
Answer: 3/8
Adding and subtracting fractions: the denominators must be the same. Find the least common denominator (LCD), rewrite each fraction with it by multiplying top and bottom by the same number, then add or subtract the numerators only. Simplify by dividing top and bottom by their greatest common factor, and write an improper fraction as a mixed number.
The least common multiple of 4 and 8 is 8.
Answer: x = 16.5 cups
Ratios and proportions: a ratio a : b compares two amounts. In a proportion two ratios are equal, a/b = c/d, and you solve it by cross-multiplying: a·d = b·c. To share an amount in the ratio m : n, divide it into m + n equal parts; one share is m parts, the other n parts.
Answer: A · Triceps brachii
Triceps brachii inserts on the olecranon of the ulna and extends the elbow. Biceps and brachialis are elbow flexors.
Answer: C · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
Answer: B · Sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule and collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion. Water follows the sodium, raising blood volume.
Answer: C · Tachycardia, cool pale skin and reduced urine output
Baroreceptor-driven sympathetic activation raises heart rate and constricts skin vessels. Reduced renal perfusion, ADH and aldosterone lower urine output.
Answer: A · Homologous pairs line up randomly, so gametes get different mixes of chromosomes
In metaphase I, each homologous pair lines up with its maternal or paternal chromosome facing either pole by chance. So each gamete receives a random mix of maternal and paternal chromosomes.
Answer: A · The heart rate after 30 minutes
The caffeine dose is changed (independent variable); the heart rate is measured (dependent variable); the waiting time is kept constant (controlled).
Answer: A · Its fatty acid chains have no carbon–carbon double bonds
Saturated fatty acids have only C–C single bonds and the maximum number of hydrogens. Their straight chains pack closely, so saturated fats such as butter are usually solid at room temperature.
Answer: D · It speeds up both directions equally
A catalyst does not change where the equilibrium lies; it only lets both reactions reach it sooner and is not consumed.
Answer: B · Mrs. Patel, your room is ready.
When you speak directly to someone, their name is separated from the rest of the sentence with a comma (or two commas if it is in the middle).
Answer: D · Dr. Chen, a cardiologist, will speak at the conference.
The appositive “a cardiologist” renames Dr. Chen and removes repetition. B is wordy, C changes the meaning and D is a comma splice.
Answer: B · Supplied with fresh air
Ventilated means having fresh air moving through it.
Answer: A · Inferior
Superior means above or toward the head, and inferior means below or toward the feet.
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