1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery supplies most of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the front of the interventricular septum?
- ARight coronary artery
- BCircumflex artery
- CLeft anterior descending artery
- DPosterior descending artery
2.Human anatomyHard
In the femoral triangle, what is the order of the main structures from lateral to medial?
- AFemoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve
- BFemoral artery, femoral nerve, femoral vein
- CFemoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
- DFemoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by:
- AEjection fraction
- BStroke volume
- CPeripheral resistance
- DBlood pressure
4.Human physiologyHard
In pernicious anaemia, autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells leads to anaemia because:
- AAcid is lost, so iron is never absorbed in any form
- BPepsin is lost, so haemoglobin cannot be made
- CGastrin is lost, so the bone marrow is no longer stimulated
- DIntrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Red-green colour blindness is X-linked recessive. A colour-blind woman (XᵇXᵇ) has children with a man with normal colour vision (XᴮY). What fraction of their sons is expected to be colour-blind?
- AOne quarter
- BNone
- CAll
- DOne half
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A solution contains 5 mg of a substance in every millilitre. How many milligrams are in 0.02 L of the solution?
- A10 mg
- B100 mg
- C0.1 mg
- D1000 mg
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is nuclear fission?
- AThe joining of two light nuclei to form a heavier nucleus
- BThe burning of uranium in oxygen
- CThe splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei
- DThe loss of electrons from an atom
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Why is it easier to remove the outer electron from a potassium atom than from a lithium atom?
- APotassium's outer electron is farther from the nucleus and more shielded by inner electrons
- BPotassium's outer electron is in a full shell
- CPotassium has fewer protons, so its nucleus pulls much more weakly on every electron
- DLithium has more electron shells than potassium
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Left anterior descending artery
Why this is the answer
The left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery supplies the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two thirds of the septum. Its blockage causes an anterior infarct.
C · Left anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
Why this is the answer
From lateral to medial: nerve, artery, vein, then empty space and lymphatics (NAVEL). This is why the femoral artery pulse lies between the nerve and vein.
C · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Stroke volume
Why this is the answer
CO = HR × SV. At rest about 70 beats/min × 70 mL ≈ 5 L/min.
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
Why this is the answer
Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor, needed for B12 absorption in the terminal ileum. B12 deficiency impairs DNA synthesis and causes megaloblastic anaemia.
D · Intrinsic factor is lost, so vitamin B12 is not absorbed
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · All
Why this is the answer
Every son gets the father's Y and one of the mother's X chromosomes, which are both Xᵇ, so all sons are expected to be colour-blind (XᵇY). Every daughter gets the father's Xᴮ, so the daughters are carriers with normal colour vision.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 100 mg
Why this is the answer
0.02 L = 20 mL. At 5 mg per mL, 20 × 5 = 100 mg.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei
Why this is the answer
In fission, a heavy nucleus such as uranium-235 absorbs a neutron and splits into two smaller nuclei, releasing neutrons and a large amount of energy.
C · The splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Potassium's outer electron is farther from the nucleus and more shielded by inner electrons
Why this is the answer
Potassium (2, 8, 8, 1) has its outer electron in the fourth shell, while lithium (2, 1) has it in the second. Greater distance and more inner-electron shielding outweigh potassium's larger nuclear charge, so its ionisation energy is lower.
A · Potassium's outer electron is farther from the nucleus and more shielded by inner electrons
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