1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
In which structure do sperm mature and get stored after leaving the testis?
- AProstate gland
- BSeminiferous tubules
- CEpididymis
- DSeminal vesicle
2.Human anatomyHard
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
- AInferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- BPrecentral gyrus of the non-dominant hemisphere
- CCerebellar hemisphere
- DPosterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main effect of vagus nerve stimulation on the heart?
- AIt slows the heart rate
- BIt increases ventricular contractility strongly
- CIt increases the heart rate
- DIt constricts the coronary arteries
4.Human physiologyHard
A healthy person stands up quickly after lying down. Which reflex response prevents fainting?
- AThe baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
- BThe chemoreceptor reflex raises breathing rate and arterial oxygen levels
- CThe Bainbridge reflex lowers heart rate
- DADH release immediately doubles blood volume
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Clostridium tetani grows in deep puncture wounds but is killed by oxygen. How is this bacterium described?
- AAn obligate anaerobe
- BAn obligate aerobe
- CA photosynthetic bacterium
- DA facultative anaerobe
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
During meiosis, a pair of chromosomes fails to separate. What can result?
- AGametes with exactly twice as many genes on each chromosome
- BGametes that cannot contain any DNA
- CGametes that are genetically identical to the parent cell
- DGametes with an extra or a missing chromosome
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which compound is formed between calcium (Ca²⁺) and chlorine (Cl⁻)?
- ACa₂Cl₃
- BCaCl₂
- CCaCl
- DCa₂Cl
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does a burn from steam at 100 °C usually cause more damage than one from liquid water at 100 °C?
- ASteam particles are hotter than water particles at the same reading
- BLiquid water cannot pass any of its heat to the skin
- CSteam releases a large amount of extra energy as it condenses on the skin
- DSteam carries dissolved acid that damages the skin
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Epididymis
Why this is the answer
Sperm are made in the seminiferous tubules and then mature and are stored in the epididymis before passing into the ductus deferens.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
Why this is the answer
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
D · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · It slows the heart rate
Why this is the answer
The vagus releases acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors in the SA and AV nodes, slowing pacemaker firing and AV conduction.
A · It slows the heart rate
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
Why this is the answer
Blood pools in the legs and pressure falls; baroreceptors fire less, which increases sympathetic and decreases vagal activity within seconds, raising heart rate and vascular tone.
A · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · An obligate anaerobe
Why this is the answer
Obligate anaerobes cannot survive in oxygen, so they thrive in deep, airless wounds. Obligate aerobes need oxygen, and facultative anaerobes can grow with or without it.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Gametes with an extra or a missing chromosome
Why this is the answer
Nondisjunction gives gametes with n + 1 or n − 1 chromosomes. Fertilisation can then give trisomy, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).
D · Gametes with an extra or a missing chromosome
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · CaCl₂
Why this is the answer
One Ca²⁺ needs two Cl⁻ ions to balance the charges: (+2) + 2 × (−1) = 0, giving CaCl₂.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Steam releases a large amount of extra energy as it condenses on the skin
Why this is the answer
When steam condenses to liquid on skin, it gives off its heat of vaporisation (a large amount), and then the hot water cools further. Liquid water at the same temperature transfers only the second part.
C · Steam releases a large amount of extra energy as it condenses on the skin
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