1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The head of the femur articulates with which structure?
- AGlenoid cavity
- BObturator foramen
- CGreater trochanter
- DAcetabulum
2.Human anatomyHard
A typical posterolateral disc herniation between L4 and L5 most often compresses which nerve root?
- AL3
- BS1
- CL5
- DL4
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney?
- AAntidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- BParathyroid hormone
- CAtrial natriuretic peptide
- DAldosterone
4.Human physiologyHard
Spirometry shows reduced FEV1 and reduced FVC, with a normal or high FEV1/FVC ratio. What pattern is this?
- AA normal result in an older adult
- BAn obstructive pattern, as in emphysema or chronic bronchitis
- CA restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
- DAn obstructive pattern, as in asthma
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
How does facilitated diffusion differ from active transport?
- AIt needs ATP and moves substances against their gradient
- BIt moves only water and no other substances
- CIt works without any membrane proteins
- DIt needs no energy and moves substances down their gradient
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A single-celled organism has a nucleus, no cell wall and swims using cilia. In which group is it best placed?
- ABacteria
- BProtists
- CPlants
- DFungi
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A magnesium atom loses two electrons. What is the ion formed?
- AMg⁻
- BMg²⁺
- CMg²⁻
- DMg⁺
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A substance melts at 801 °C, does not conduct as a solid but conducts when molten. What type of substance is it most likely?
- AAn ionic compound
- BA metal
- CA noble gas
- DA simple covalent (molecular) substance
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Acetabulum
Why this is the answer
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip bone, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis. The glenoid cavity is the shoulder's socket.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · L5
Why this is the answer
A posterolateral L4–L5 herniation usually catches the traversing L5 root, causing weakness of big toe extension and numbness on the top of the foot.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Why this is the answer
ADH (vasopressin) from the posterior pituitary inserts aquaporin-2 channels, making the collecting duct permeable to water and concentrating the urine.
A · Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
Why this is the answer
In restrictive disease the lungs are small or stiff, so both FEV1 and FVC fall but the ratio is preserved. Obstruction lowers FEV1 more than FVC.
C · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · It needs no energy and moves substances down their gradient
Why this is the answer
Both use membrane proteins, but facilitated diffusion is passive: substances move from high to low concentration without ATP. Active transport uses energy to move substances from low to high concentration.
D · It needs no energy and moves substances down their gradient
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Protists
Why this is the answer
A nucleus rules out bacteria. No cell wall rules out fungi and plants. Single-celled eukaryotes such as Paramecium, which swims with cilia, are classed as protists.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Mg²⁺
Why this is the answer
Losing two electrons leaves two more protons than electrons, giving a 2+ charge. Group 2 metals form 2+ ions.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · An ionic compound
Why this is the answer
High melting point plus conduction only when molten or dissolved is typical of ionic compounds such as NaCl (melting point 801 °C). Metals conduct as solids.
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