1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid?
- APia mater
- BPineal gland
- CArachnoid granulations
- DChoroid plexus
2.Human anatomyHard
What is the correct order of structures that urine passes through after leaving the collecting ducts?
- AMajor calyx, minor calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
- BRenal pelvis, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter
- CMinor calyx, renal pelvis, major calyx, ureter
- DMinor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
3.Human physiologyMedium
During contraction of a skeletal muscle sarcomere, which band stays the same length?
- AThe whole sarcomere
- BH zone
- CI band
- DA band
4.Human physiologyHard
Spirometry shows reduced FEV1 and reduced FVC, with a normal or high FEV1/FVC ratio. What pattern is this?
- AA restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
- BAn obstructive pattern, as in emphysema or chronic bronchitis
- CAn obstructive pattern, as in asthma
- DA normal result in an older adult
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What does "diploid" mean?
- AThe cell has two sets of chromosomes
- BThe cell can divide only once
- CThe cell has one set of chromosomes
- DThe cell has no nucleus
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
How does the CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing system find the right place to cut DNA?
- AThe Cas9 protein cuts DNA at random sites
- BIt binds only to the start codon of every gene
- CA guide RNA pairs with the matching DNA sequence
- DIt reads the amino acid sequence of the protein
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Water climbs up a narrow glass tube. Which property mainly causes this?
- AWater's high boiling point
- BLow density of water
- CEvaporation of water from the tube
- DAdhesion of water to the glass
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which statement correctly distinguishes a scientific law from a scientific theory?
- ALaws apply only to chemistry, theories only to biology
- BA law is only a guess, while a theory is a proven fact
- CA theory becomes a law once it is proved
- DA law describes what happens; a theory explains why it happens
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Choroid plexus
Why this is the answer
The choroid plexus in the ventricles secretes most CSF. CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid granulations.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
Why this is the answer
Collecting ducts open at the renal papillae into minor calyces, which join to form major calyces, which empty into the renal pelvis and then the ureter.
D · Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · A band
Why this is the answer
In the sliding filament model, filaments slide past each other without shortening. The A band (myosin length) stays the same while the I band and H zone shorten.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
Why this is the answer
In restrictive disease the lungs are small or stiff, so both FEV1 and FVC fall but the ratio is preserved. Obstruction lowers FEV1 more than FVC.
A · A restrictive pattern, as in pulmonary fibrosis
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · The cell has two sets of chromosomes
Why this is the answer
Diploid cells (2n) have two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent. Haploid cells (n), the gametes, have one set.
A · The cell has two sets of chromosomes
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · A guide RNA pairs with the matching DNA sequence
Why this is the answer
CRISPR-Cas9 uses a short guide RNA designed to match the target DNA. The guide leads the Cas9 enzyme to that sequence, where it cuts the DNA so that the gene can be changed.
C · A guide RNA pairs with the matching DNA sequence
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Adhesion of water to the glass
Why this is the answer
Water molecules are attracted to the polar glass surface (adhesion) and pull the column up, while cohesion holds the column together. This is capillary action.
D · Adhesion of water to the glass
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · A law describes what happens; a theory explains why it happens
Why this is the answer
A law summarises a consistent pattern, often as a rule or equation (mass is conserved). A theory is a well-tested explanation of why (atoms are rearranged, not created). Theories do not turn into laws.
D · A law describes what happens; a theory explains why it happens
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