1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure produces most of the cerebrospinal fluid?
- APia mater
- BPineal gland
- CChoroid plexus
- DArachnoid granulations
2.Human anatomyHard
A stroke affecting the left middle cerebral artery in a right-handed person most likely causes:
- ARight-sided weakness and aphasia
- BLeft-sided weakness and aphasia
- CRight-sided weakness and left visual neglect
- DIsolated loss of balance
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the normal pH range of arterial blood?
- A7.50 to 7.65
- B7.35 to 7.45
- C6.80 to 7.00
- D7.00 to 7.20
4.Human physiologyHard
After a head injury, a patient passes large volumes of very dilute urine and plasma sodium rises. What is the most likely cause?
- ALack of ADH release (cranial diabetes insipidus)
- BExcess aldosterone
- CExcess ADH release (SIADH)
- DUncontrolled diabetes mellitus
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A student switches a light microscope from low power to high power. What happens to the field of view?
- AIt gets smaller and usually darker
- BIt gets larger and brighter
- CIt gets larger but less detailed
- DIt stays the same size but gets brighter
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Five recovery times in days are 5, 6, 6, 7 and 30. Which value best describes a typical recovery time, and why?
- AThe mean of 10.8, because it uses every value
- BThe range of 25, because it shows the spread
- CThe median of 6, because the outlier pulls the mean up
- DThe maximum of 30, because it shows the worst case
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A reaction has a theoretical yield of 20 g, but only 15 g of product is collected. What is the percent yield?
- A5%
- B75%
- C133%
- D25%
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What is the net ionic equation for the neutralisation of any strong acid by any strong base?
- ANa⁺ + Cl⁻ → NaCl
- BH₂ + O₂ → H₂O₂
- CH⁺ + Cl⁻ → HCl
- DH⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Choroid plexus
Why this is the answer
The choroid plexus in the ventricles secretes most CSF. CSF is reabsorbed into venous blood through the arachnoid granulations.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
Why this is the answer
The left MCA supplies the left motor cortex (face and arm of the right side) and Broca's and Wernicke's areas, so right hemiparesis with aphasia is typical.
A · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · 7.35 to 7.45
Why this is the answer
Arterial pH is normally 7.35–7.45. Below 7.35 is acidaemia and above 7.45 alkalaemia.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Lack of ADH release (cranial diabetes insipidus)
Why this is the answer
Without ADH the collecting ducts stay impermeable to water, so dilute urine is produced and the patient loses free water, raising plasma sodium.
A · Lack of ADH release (cranial diabetes insipidus)
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · It gets smaller and usually darker
Why this is the answer
Higher magnification shows a smaller part of the specimen, so the field of view shrinks, and less light reaches the eye. The specimen should be centred before switching to high power.
A · It gets smaller and usually darker
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The median of 6, because the outlier pulls the mean up
Why this is the answer
The mean is (5 + 6 + 6 + 7 + 30) ÷ 5 = 10.8, which is higher than four of the five values because of the outlier. The median, 6, is less affected and better shows the typical value.
C · The median of 6, because the outlier pulls the mean up
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 75%
Why this is the answer
15 ÷ 20 × 100 = 75%. Percent yield above 100% would point to an error, such as a wet or impure product.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O
Why this is the answer
Strong acids and bases are fully ionised, so their other ions (such as Na⁺ and Cl⁻) are spectators. The only actual change is H⁺ combining with OH⁻ to form water.
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