1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and which other muscle?
- ATeres major
- BDeltoid
- CLatissimus dorsi
- DSubscapularis
2.Human anatomyHard
A stroke affecting the left middle cerebral artery in a right-handed person most likely causes:
- ARight-sided weakness and left visual neglect
- BIsolated loss of balance
- CLeft-sided weakness and aphasia
- DRight-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiologyMedium
Vital capacity is the sum of which lung volumes?
- AInspiratory reserve volume and residual volume
- BResidual volume and expiratory reserve volume
- CTidal volume and residual volume
- DTidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
4.Human physiologyHard
In Graves' disease, what thyroid function results are expected and why?
- AHigh T4 and low TSH, because antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor
- BHigh T4 and high TSH, because the anterior pituitary gland is overactive
- CLow T4 and high TSH, because antibodies destroy the gland
- DLow T4 and low TSH, because the hypothalamus fails
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A seedling is 4 cm tall at week 1, 8 cm at week 2, 12 cm at week 3 and 16 cm at week 4. If the trend continues, how tall will it be at week 6?
- A20 cm
- B32 cm
- C18 cm
- D24 cm
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
After wolves are removed from a park, the deer population rises sharply and young trees are overgrazed. What does this show?
- ARemoving a predator has no effect on plants
- BOrganisms in a food web depend on each other
- CDeer are producers in the food web
- DWolves compete with trees for sunlight
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
According to the Brønsted–Lowry definition, what is an acid?
- AAn electron pair donor
- BA proton (H⁺) donor
- CA proton (H⁺) acceptor
- DA hydroxide ion donor
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆) join by a condensation reaction to form sucrose. What is the formula of sucrose?
- AC₆H₁₂O₆
- BC₁₂H₂₀O₁₀
- CC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
- DC₁₂H₂₄O₁₂
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Subscapularis
Why this is the answer
SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. Teres major is close by but is not part of the cuff.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
Why this is the answer
The left MCA supplies the left motor cortex (face and arm of the right side) and Broca's and Wernicke's areas, so right hemiparesis with aphasia is typical.
D · Right-sided weakness and aphasia
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
Why this is the answer
Vital capacity = IRV + TV + ERV. It excludes the residual volume, which always stays in the lungs.
D · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · High T4 and low TSH, because antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor
Why this is the answer
TSH-receptor antibodies stimulate the thyroid independently of TSH. The resulting high T4 and T3 suppress pituitary TSH by negative feedback.
A · High T4 and low TSH, because antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 24 cm
Why this is the answer
The plant grows 4 cm each week. Two more weeks after week 4 gives 16 + 4 + 4 = 24 cm. Predicting beyond measured data (extrapolation) assumes the trend continues.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Organisms in a food web depend on each other
Why this is the answer
Without predators, deer numbers grow and they eat more plants. A change at one level affects others, which shows the interdependence of organisms in a food web.
B · Organisms in a food web depend on each other
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · A proton (H⁺) donor
Why this is the answer
A Brønsted–Lowry acid donates a proton (H⁺) and a base accepts one. This definition covers reactions that do not involve OH⁻.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Why this is the answer
Together the two sugars contain C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂. Condensation releases one H₂O, leaving C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, table sugar.
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