1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which carpal bone is most commonly fractured, typically after a fall on an outstretched hand?
- APisiform
- BHamate
- CLunate
- DScaphoid
2.Human anatomyHard
When a patient stands on the right leg only, the left side of the pelvis drops (positive Trendelenburg sign). Which nerve is most likely damaged?
- ARight inferior gluteal nerve
- BRight femoral nerve
- CLeft superior gluteal nerve
- DRight superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Since action potentials are all-or-none, how does a neuron signal a stronger stimulus?
- ABy changing the neurotransmitter it releases
- BBy firing action potentials more often
- CBy making each action potential larger
- DBy making each action potential longer
4.Human physiologyHard
In long-standing aortic stenosis, how does the left ventricle adapt?
- ANo change because the valve is not part of the ventricle
- BConcentric hypertrophy with a thicker wall
- CAtrophy of the muscle due to less work
- DThinning of the wall with dilation
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What does the enzyme lipase break down?
- ADNA into nucleotides
- BStarch into sugars
- CProteins into amino acids and peptides
- DFats into fatty acids and glycerol
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
The number of bacteria in a sample rises from 200 to 500. What is the percentage increase?
- A150%
- B60%
- C250%
- D300%
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Nitrogen is in group 15 of the periodic table. How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom have?
- A7
- B15
- C3
- D5
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does drinking seawater make dehydration worse?
- ASeawater is isotonic, so it cannot be absorbed
- BSeawater contains no water molecules the body can use
- CSeawater is hypotonic, so water rushes into cells and makes them burst
- DSeawater is hypertonic, so the body loses extra water getting rid of the salt
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Scaphoid
Why this is the answer
The scaphoid is the most often fractured carpal bone. Tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox is a key clinical sign.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Right superior gluteal nerve
Why this is the answer
The superior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus medius and minimus. If those of the standing (right) leg are weak, the pelvis sags on the opposite, unsupported side.
D · Right superior gluteal nerve
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · By firing action potentials more often
Why this is the answer
Stimulus strength is coded by the frequency of action potentials and by how many neurons are recruited, not by their amplitude.
B · By firing action potentials more often
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Concentric hypertrophy with a thicker wall
Why this is the answer
Pressure overload makes the ventricular wall thicken (concentric hypertrophy) to keep wall stress normal. Volume overload, as in regurgitation, causes dilation instead.
B · Concentric hypertrophy with a thicker wall
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Fats into fatty acids and glycerol
Why this is the answer
Lipase digests lipids such as triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. Proteases digest proteins, and amylase digests starch.
D · Fats into fatty acids and glycerol
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 150%
Why this is the answer
The increase is 500 − 200 = 300. Dividing by the original value: 300 ÷ 200 = 1.5, which is a 150% increase.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 5
Why this is the answer
Group 15 elements have 5 valence electrons (nitrogen: 2, 5). Nitrogen usually gains or shares 3 electrons to complete its outer shell.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Seawater is hypertonic, so the body loses extra water getting rid of the salt
Why this is the answer
Seawater has a much higher salt concentration than body fluids. The kidneys must use more water to excrete the extra salt than the seawater supplied, so the body ends up losing water.
D · Seawater is hypertonic, so the body loses extra water getting rid of the salt
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