1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The rotator cuff consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and which other muscle?
- ALatissimus dorsi
- BDeltoid
- CSubscapularis
- DTeres major
2.Human anatomyHard
Why does an inhaled foreign body more often lodge in the right main bronchus than the left?
- AThe right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
- BThe right lung has stronger airflow due to the heart's position
- CThe right bronchus is narrower and more horizontal
- DThe left bronchus is closed by the epiglottis
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which hormonal event triggers ovulation?
- AA fall in oestrogen
- BA rise in progesterone from the corpus luteum
- CA surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
- DA surge of prolactin
4.Human physiologyHard
A healthy person stands up quickly after lying down. Which reflex response prevents fainting?
- AThe chemoreceptor reflex raises breathing rate and arterial oxygen levels
- BThe baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
- CThe Bainbridge reflex lowers heart rate
- DADH release immediately doubles blood volume
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which is an example of negative feedback?
- AContractions growing stronger during labour
- BSweating when body temperature rises
- CA wound becoming more inflamed over time
- DBlood clotting speeding up once it starts
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Starch and cellulose are both made of glucose. Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose?
- AHumans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
- BStarch is a protein, and cellulose is a lipid
- CCellulose dissolves in water but starch does not
- DCellulose contains no glucose units at all, only fructose
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
When a gas is heated in a rigid, sealed container, what happens to its pressure?
- AIt increases
- BIt decreases
- CIt stays the same
- DIt drops to zero
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Methane (CH₄) has four bonding pairs and no lone pairs on carbon. What is its shape?
- ASquare planar
- BTetrahedral
- CBent
- DTrigonal pyramidal
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Subscapularis
Why this is the answer
SITS: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor and subscapularis. Teres major is close by but is not part of the cuff.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: A · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
Why this is the answer
The right main bronchus is wider, shorter and continues more directly in line with the trachea, so aspirated objects tend to fall into it.
A · The right bronchus is wider, shorter and more vertical
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
Why this is the answer
Rising oestrogen from the dominant follicle triggers an LH surge from the anterior pituitary, which causes ovulation about a day later.
C · A surge of luteinising hormone (LH)
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
Why this is the answer
Blood pools in the legs and pressure falls; baroreceptors fire less, which increases sympathetic and decreases vagal activity within seconds, raising heart rate and vascular tone.
B · The baroreceptor reflex raises heart rate and vasoconstriction
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Sweating when body temperature rises
Why this is the answer
In negative feedback, a change triggers a response that brings the value back towards normal. Rising temperature causes sweating, which cools the body. Most homeostatic control works this way.
B · Sweating when body temperature rises
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Humans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
Why this is the answer
The glucose units in cellulose are joined by a different type of bond than in starch. Humans make amylase for starch but no enzyme for cellulose. Cows rely on gut microbes that make cellulase.
A · Humans lack an enzyme that breaks the bonds in cellulose
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · It increases
Why this is the answer
At constant volume, pressure is proportional to absolute temperature (Gay-Lussac's law), so heating raises the pressure.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Tetrahedral
Why this is the answer
Four bonding pairs repel each other equally and point to the corners of a tetrahedron, with angles of about 109.5°. A flat square would put them only 90° apart.
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