1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
- APulmonary valve
- BMitral (bicuspid) valve
- CAortic valve
- DTricuspid valve
2.Human anatomyHard
After a stroke, a patient speaks fluently but uses meaningless words and cannot understand speech. Where is the lesion most likely to be?
- ACerebellar hemisphere
- BPosterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
- CPrecentral gyrus of the non-dominant hemisphere
- DInferior frontal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiologyMedium
According to Poiseuille's law, if the radius of an arteriole halves, its resistance to flow:
- AIncreases 4-fold
- BIncreases about 16-fold
- CHalves
- DDoubles
4.Human physiologyHard
Why can a patient with carbon monoxide poisoning have a normal PaO₂ but severe tissue hypoxia?
- ACO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls
- BCO blocks diffusion across the alveolar wall
- CCO stops oxygen from dissolving in plasma
- DCO lowers the barometric pressure in the alveoli
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why is a buffer system important in blood?
- AIt makes the blood clot faster
- BIt raises the blood glucose level
- CIt carries oxygen to the tissues
- DIt resists changes in pH
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A colour-blind man (XᵇY) has children with a woman who carries the allele (XᴮXᵇ). What is the probability that a daughter is colour-blind?
- A1/2
- B1/4
- C1
- D0
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
A bag of 5% (w/v) glucose solution (called 5% dextrose in the US) contains 5 g of glucose per 100 mL. How many grams of glucose are in 1 L?
- A500 g
- B0.5 g
- C5 g
- D50 g
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Olive oil is liquid at room temperature, while butter is solid. Which explanation is correct?
- AOlive oil has more C=C double bonds, which kink the chains so they cannot pack closely
- BOlive oil molecules are ionic, while butter molecules are covalent
- COlive oil has no C=C double bonds, so its chains stay straight and pack tightly
- DButter contains more water, which freezes at room temperature
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Why this is the answer
The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle; the tricuspid valve does the same on the right side.
B · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
Why this is the answer
This is Wernicke's (receptive) aphasia, caused by damage to Wernicke's area in the posterior superior temporal gyrus. Broca's area in the inferior frontal gyrus causes non-fluent aphasia.
B · Posterior superior temporal gyrus of the dominant hemisphere
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Increases about 16-fold
Why this is the answer
Resistance is proportional to 1/r⁴, so halving the radius raises resistance by 2⁴ = 16. This is why small changes in arteriole diameter control blood flow so strongly.
B · Increases about 16-fold
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · CO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls
Why this is the answer
CO binds haemoglobin far more strongly than oxygen and shifts the curve left. Dissolved O₂ (PaO₂) is normal, but total oxygen content and release to tissues drop sharply.
A · CO occupies haemoglobin binding sites, so oxygen content falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · It resists changes in pH
Why this is the answer
Buffers, such as the bicarbonate system, take up or release hydrogen ions to keep blood pH within a narrow range. Even small changes can disturb enzymes and other proteins.
D · It resists changes in pH
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 1/2
Why this is the answer
Each daughter gets Xᵇ from the father and either Xᴮ or Xᵇ from the mother. So half the daughters are expected to be XᵇXᵇ (colour-blind) and half XᴮXᵇ (carriers).
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 50 g
Why this is the answer
% w/v means grams per 100 mL. 1 L = 1000 mL = 10 × 100 mL, so it contains 10 × 5 g = 50 g of glucose.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Olive oil has more C=C double bonds, which kink the chains so they cannot pack closely
Why this is the answer
Unsaturated fatty acids have C=C double bonds that put bends in the chains. Bent chains cannot pack tightly, so the attractions between them are weaker and the fat melts at a lower temperature.
A · Olive oil has more C=C double bonds, which kink the chains so they cannot pack closely
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