1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
- AAortic valve
- BTricuspid valve
- CMitral (bicuspid) valve
- DPulmonary valve
2.Human anatomyHard
In the femoral triangle, what is the order of the main structures from lateral to medial?
- AFemoral artery, femoral nerve, femoral vein
- BFemoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
- CFemoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve
- DFemoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which receptor is stimulated when the patellar tendon is tapped in the knee-jerk reflex?
- ANociceptor
- BMuscle spindle
- CPacinian corpuscle
- DGolgi tendon organ
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does breathing 100% oxygen correct hypoxaemia from a true right-to-left shunt only poorly?
- AThe extra oxygen is all exhaled as CO₂
- BThe shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas
- CShunted blood is already fully saturated
- DPure oxygen damages haemoglobin
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which DNA bases are purines?
- ACytosine and thymine
- BAdenine and guanine
- CAdenine and thymine
- DCytosine and guanine
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A protein is 150 amino acids long. Not counting the stop codon, how many mRNA bases code for it?
- A50
- B150
- C450
- D300
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
You dilute 100 mL of a 2 M solution to a total volume of 400 mL. What is the new concentration?
- A8 M
- B0.5 M
- C2 M
- D1 M
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A strip of magnesium is burned in air and the white ash weighs more than the original strip. Why?
- AMass was created during the reaction
- BOxygen from the air has combined with the magnesium
- CThe ash absorbed water from the flame
- DMagnesium atoms became heavier when heated
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Why this is the answer
The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle; the tricuspid valve does the same on the right side.
C · Mitral (bicuspid) valve
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
Why this is the answer
From lateral to medial: nerve, artery, vein, then empty space and lymphatics (NAVEL). This is why the femoral artery pulse lies between the nerve and vein.
B · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Muscle spindle
Why this is the answer
Tapping the tendon stretches quadriceps muscle spindles. Their afferents synapse directly on motor neurons in a monosynaptic reflex that contracts the muscle.
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas
Why this is the answer
Shunted blood bypasses ventilated alveoli and mixes deoxygenated blood into arterial blood. Extra inspired oxygen cannot reach it, unlike in V/Q mismatch or hypoventilation.
B · The shunted blood never comes into contact with alveolar gas
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Adenine and guanine
Why this is the answer
Adenine and guanine are purines, with a double-ring structure. Cytosine, thymine and uracil are pyrimidines, with one ring. Each base pair has one purine and one pyrimidine, which keeps the helix the same width.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 450
Why this is the answer
Each amino acid is coded by a three-base codon: 150 × 3 = 450 bases. The stop codon would add three more.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 0.5 M
Why this is the answer
The moles of solute stay the same: 2 × 100 = C₂ × 400, so C₂ = 0.5 M. Diluting four times lowers the concentration four times.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Oxygen from the air has combined with the magnesium
Why this is the answer
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO. The ash includes oxygen atoms taken from the air, so it weighs more than the magnesium alone. In a closed system, total mass would not change.
B · Oxygen from the air has combined with the magnesium
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