1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which artery supplies most of the anterior wall of the left ventricle and the front of the interventricular septum?
- APosterior descending artery
- BCircumflex artery
- CLeft anterior descending artery
- DRight coronary artery
2.Human anatomyHard
A lesion of the left optic tract causes which visual field defect?
- ALeft homonymous hemianopia
- BRight homonymous hemianopia
- CBlindness in the left eye only
- DBitemporal hemianopia
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main stimulus for breathing in a healthy person?
- AA fall in blood pH caused by lactate only
- BA rise in blood glucose
- CA fall in arterial O₂
- DA rise in arterial CO₂
4.Human physiologyHard
Constriction of the efferent arteriole of a glomerulus, with the afferent arteriole unchanged, tends to:
- ALower glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
- BStop filtration completely
- CRaise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
- DHave no effect on GFR at all
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A student's hypothesis is "Salt water slows the growth of bean seedlings." Which is a prediction based on it?
- ASeedlings given plain water will die within a week
- BSalt water is made of sodium chloride and water
- CBean seedlings need sunlight and water to grow well
- DSeedlings given salt water will grow less than those given plain water
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A large molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Its monomers each have a sugar and a base. What type of molecule is it?
- AA nucleic acid
- BA lipid
- CA carbohydrate
- DA protein
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the conjugate base of nitric acid, HNO₃?
- ANO₃⁻
- BH₂NO₃⁺
- CNO₂⁻
- DHNO₂
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A compound is 40% carbon, 6.7% hydrogen and 53.3% oxygen by mass (C = 12, H = 1, O = 16). What is its empirical formula?
- AC₂HO
- BCH₄O
- CCHO
- DCH₂O
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Left anterior descending artery
Why this is the answer
The left anterior descending (anterior interventricular) artery supplies the anterior left ventricle and the anterior two thirds of the septum. Its blockage causes an anterior infarct.
C · Left anterior descending artery
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Right homonymous hemianopia
Why this is the answer
The left optic tract carries fibres from the left half of each retina, which see the right visual field. Its lesion causes loss of the right half of the field in both eyes.
B · Right homonymous hemianopia
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · A rise in arterial CO₂
Why this is the answer
Central chemoreceptors respond to CO₂ (through the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid). Low O₂ adds strongly to the drive only when PaO₂ falls well below normal, for example at high altitude.
D · A rise in arterial CO₂
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Raise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
Why this is the answer
Efferent constriction holds blood in the glomerulus, raising its pressure and GFR. Angiotensin II acts this way, which is why ACE inhibitors can lower GFR.
C · Raise glomerular capillary pressure and GFR
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Seedlings given salt water will grow less than those given plain water
Why this is the answer
A prediction states the expected result if the hypothesis is correct, often as "if ... then ...". Comparing salt-water and plain-water seedlings tests the hypothesis directly.
D · Seedlings given salt water will grow less than those given plain water
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · A nucleic acid
Why this is the answer
Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA are made of nucleotides, each with a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogen base. Proteins are made of amino acids and usually lack phosphorus in their backbone.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · NO₃⁻
Why this is the answer
A conjugate base is what remains after an acid donates a proton: HNO₃ → H⁺ + NO₃⁻. The nitrate ion is the conjugate base.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · CH₂O
Why this is the answer
In 100 g: C = 40 ÷ 12 ≈ 3.33 mol, H = 6.7 ÷ 1 = 6.7 mol, O = 53.3 ÷ 16 ≈ 3.33 mol. Dividing by 3.33 gives 1 : 2 : 1, so CH₂O.
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