1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls most of the muscles of facial expression?
- ATrigeminal nerve (V)
- BHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- CFacial nerve (VII)
- DOculomotor nerve (III)
2.Human anatomyHard
An indirect inguinal hernia enters the inguinal canal at which point?
- ABelow the inguinal ligament, through the femoral canal
- BThrough the superficial ring only, without entering the canal
- CThrough the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
- DThrough the posterior wall of the canal, medial to the inferior epigastric vessels
3.Human physiologyMedium
What causes the first heart sound (S1)?
- AClosure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
- BClosure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
- COpening of the aortic valve
- DBlood filling the atria
4.Human physiologyHard
A patient with small-cell lung cancer has low plasma sodium and low plasma osmolality but inappropriately concentrated urine. What is the most likely explanation?
- AAddison's disease with high aldosterone
- BSyndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
- CCranial diabetes insipidus
- DPrimary hyperaldosteronism
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
- AIt forms part of the ribosome and helps join amino acids
- BIt carries the code from DNA to the ribosome
- CIt brings single amino acids to the ribosome
- DIt stores genetic information in the nucleus
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two parents are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. They have three children. What is the probability that none of the three is affected?
- A3/4
- B9/16
- C27/64
- D1/64
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How many moles of gas are in 44.8 L at STP (0 °C and 1 atm)?
- A2 mol
- B22.4 mol
- C44.8 mol
- D0.5 mol
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does food cook faster in a pressure cooker?
- APressure itself breaks down the food, regardless of temperature
- BThe higher pressure lowers the boiling point
- CThe higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
- DSteam is trapped, so the water boils at a lower temperature
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Facial nerve (VII)
Why this is the answer
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) supplies the muscles of facial expression. Damage causes facial palsy, as in Bell's palsy.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Why this is the answer
An indirect hernia passes through the deep ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels, and runs along the canal. A direct hernia pushes through the posterior wall medial to them.
C · Through the deep inguinal ring, lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
Why this is the answer
S1 ("lub") is caused by closure of the atrioventricular valves at the start of systole. S2 ("dub") is closure of the semilunar valves.
A · Closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
Why this is the answer
In SIADH excess ADH makes the kidneys retain water, diluting the plasma while urine stays concentrated. Small-cell lung cancer can secrete ADH.
B · Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · It forms part of the ribosome and helps join amino acids
Why this is the answer
rRNA combines with proteins to form ribosomes and helps catalyse the peptide bonds between amino acids. mRNA carries the code, and tRNA brings the amino acids.
A · It forms part of the ribosome and helps join amino acids
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 27/64
Why this is the answer
For each child, P(unaffected) = 3/4. For three independent children, multiply: 3/4 × 3/4 × 3/4 = 27/64, about 42%.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 2 mol
Why this is the answer
At STP, 1 mol occupies 22.4 L, so 44.8 L ÷ 22.4 L/mol = 2 mol.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
Why this is the answer
Sealing the pot raises the pressure, so water must reach a higher temperature (above 100 °C) before it boils. The hotter water cooks food faster. Autoclaves use the same idea to sterilise equipment.
C · The higher pressure raises the boiling point, so the water is hotter
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