1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The head of the femur articulates with which structure?
- AAcetabulum
- BGlenoid cavity
- CObturator foramen
- DGreater trochanter
2.Human anatomyHard
A stab wound cuts the left half of the spinal cord at T10. Which pattern of loss is expected below the lesion?
- ALoss of pain and temperature on both sides only
- BLoss of all sensation and movement on the left only
- CRight-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, left-sided loss of pain and temperature
- DLeft-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
3.Human physiologyMedium
How does glucagon raise blood glucose?
- AIt stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver
- BIt slows glucose absorption from the gut
- CIt blocks insulin receptors on fat cells
- DIt stimulates glucose uptake by muscle
4.Human physiologyHard
According to the length–tension relationship, why does a skeletal muscle fibre produce less force when overstretched?
- ACalcium is no longer released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when stretched
- BThe muscle runs out of ATP when stretched
- CThe neuromuscular junction stops working
- DActin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
An experiment's results match the predictions of the hypothesis. What is the best conclusion?
- ANo further experiments are ever needed
- BThe hypothesis is proven true for all cases
- CThe hypothesis is now a law of nature
- DThe hypothesis is supported, but not proven
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
In a drug trial, one group receives a sugar pill that looks like the real drug. Why?
- ATo make sure every patient is cured
- BTo increase the dose of the real drug
- CTo save money on the real drug
- DTo control for the placebo effect, the improvement caused by expecting treatment
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why is a carbon dioxide extinguisher effective on many fires?
- ACO₂ adds oxygen to cool the flames
- BCO₂ reacts chemically with the fuel to make it non-flammable
- CCO₂ is a liquid that soaks into the fuel
- DCO₂ is denser than air and pushes oxygen away from the fire
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
The pH of a solution changes from 6 to 4. What happened to its hydrogen ion concentration?
- AIt became 100 times greater
- BIt became 2 times greater
- CIt became 100 times smaller
- DIt became 2 times smaller
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Acetabulum
Why this is the answer
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip bone, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis. The glenoid cavity is the shoulder's socket.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Left-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
Why this is the answer
In Brown-Séquard syndrome the corticospinal tract and dorsal columns are lost on the same side, while the spinothalamic tract, which crosses near entry, causes contralateral pain and temperature loss.
D · Left-sided weakness and loss of proprioception, right-sided loss of pain and temperature
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · It stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver
Why this is the answer
Glucagon from alpha cells acts on the liver to break down glycogen and make new glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
A · It stimulates glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis in the liver
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
Why this is the answer
Maximum force occurs at an optimal sarcomere length with best filament overlap. Overstretching reduces overlap; too short a length makes filaments collide.
D · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · The hypothesis is supported, but not proven
Why this is the answer
Data can support or refute a hypothesis, but a later experiment may still contradict it, so results never prove it absolutely.
D · The hypothesis is supported, but not proven
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · To control for the placebo effect, the improvement caused by expecting treatment
Why this is the answer
A placebo group shows how much change happens without the active drug, so the true effect of the drug can be measured.
D · To control for the placebo effect, the improvement caused by expecting treatment
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · CO₂ is denser than air and pushes oxygen away from the fire
Why this is the answer
CO₂ does not burn and is heavier than air, so it forms a layer that cuts off oxygen from the fire. It also cools the fire as the gas expands from the cylinder.
D · CO₂ is denser than air and pushes oxygen away from the fire
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · It became 100 times greater
Why this is the answer
Each pH unit is a tenfold change. Falling by 2 units raises [H⁺] by 10 × 10 = 100 times.
A · It became 100 times greater
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