1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which structure is the main bundle of nerve fibres connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
- ACerebral peduncle
- BFornix
- CInternal capsule
- DCorpus callosum
2.Human anatomyHard
In the femoral triangle, what is the order of the main structures from lateral to medial?
- AFemoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve
- BFemoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
- CFemoral artery, femoral nerve, femoral vein
- DFemoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which ABO blood group has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma?
- AGroup A
- BGroup B
- CGroup AB
- DGroup O
4.Human physiologyHard
Which mechanism mainly creates the concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
- AADH acting on the descending limb
- BThe countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
- CSecretion of urea into the proximal tubule
- DGlomerular filtration
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is a random sample?
- AA group chosen because they are likely to support the hypothesis
- BA group where everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen
- CA group made only of people who volunteer to take part
- DA group chosen by the researcher because they are easy to reach and willing
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A karyotype shows three copies of chromosome 21. Which condition does this indicate, and how many chromosomes does the person have?
- ADown syndrome, with 45 chromosomes
- BDown syndrome, with 47 chromosomes
- CTurner syndrome, with 47 chromosomes
- DKlinefelter syndrome, with 45 chromosomes
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
During digestion, large molecules are broken down by adding water across their bonds. What is this reaction called?
- AHydrolysis
- BPolymerisation
- CCombustion
- DCondensation
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
What type of bonding is found in a piece of copper wire?
- AIonic bonding between copper and chloride ions
- BCovalent bonding with shared pairs between two atoms only
- CMetallic bonding: ions in a sea of electrons
- DHydrogen bonding between copper atoms
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Corpus callosum
Why this is the answer
The corpus callosum is the largest commissure, linking matching areas of the two hemispheres. The internal capsule carries projection fibres up and down instead.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
Why this is the answer
From lateral to medial: nerve, artery, vein, then empty space and lymphatics (NAVEL). This is why the femoral artery pulse lies between the nerve and vein.
B · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Group O
Why this is the answer
Group O people have no A or B antigens and make both anti-A and anti-B. Group AB has both antigens and neither antibody.
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
Why this is the answer
The ascending limb actively transports NaCl into the interstitium without letting water follow, and the countercurrent flow multiplies this into a steep gradient that ADH then uses to concentrate urine.
B · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · A group where everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen
Why this is the answer
In a random sample, chance decides who is chosen, so the sample is more likely to represent the whole population. Convenience and volunteer samples can be biased.
B · A group where everyone in the population has an equal chance of being chosen
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Down syndrome, with 47 chromosomes
Why this is the answer
Trisomy 21 causes Down syndrome. It usually results from nondisjunction during meiosis, giving a gamete with an extra chromosome 21 and a zygote with 47 chromosomes.
B · Down syndrome, with 47 chromosomes
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Hydrolysis
Why this is the answer
Hydrolysis uses water to break the bonds between monomers, as when enzymes break starch into glucose or proteins into amino acids. It is the reverse of condensation.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Metallic bonding: ions in a sea of electrons
Why this is the answer
In metallic bonding, valence electrons are delocalised among a lattice of metal cations. The free electrons carry current and let the metal bend without breaking.
C · Metallic bonding: ions in a sea of electrons
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