1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The head of the femur articulates with which structure?
- AObturator foramen
- BGreater trochanter
- CAcetabulum
- DGlenoid cavity
2.Human anatomyHard
Early appendicitis is often felt as vague pain around the umbilicus. Why?
- AThe phrenic nerve carries the pain to the umbilicus
- BIts visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
- CThe appendix lies directly behind the umbilicus
- DInflammation spreads first to the abdominal wall at the navel region
3.Human physiologyMedium
Low plasma albumin, as in severe liver disease, causes oedema mainly because:
- AThe capillaries become impermeable
- BLymphatic drainage increases
- CPlasma oncotic pressure falls
- DCapillary hydrostatic pressure falls
4.Human physiologyHard
According to the length–tension relationship, why does a skeletal muscle fibre produce less force when overstretched?
- ACalcium is no longer released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when stretched
- BActin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
- CThe neuromuscular junction stops working
- DThe muscle runs out of ATP when stretched
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What happens during transcription?
- AA protein is built from an mRNA message
- BAmino acids are joined at the ribosome
- CThe whole DNA molecule is copied before division
- DAn mRNA copy of a gene is made from DNA
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
In uncontrolled diabetes, glucose appears in the urine and the person passes large volumes of urine. What is the best explanation?
- AGlucose in the kidney filtrate holds water by osmosis
- BInsulin makes the kidneys filter more blood
- CGlucose is broken down into water in the bladder
- DGlucose makes the kidneys absorb more water
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
How can you get solid salt back from salt water?
- AFilter the solution
- BFreeze the solution and lift out the salt
- CEvaporate the water
- DUse a magnet
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Using PV = nRT with R = 0.082 L·atm/(mol·K), how many moles of gas are in 24.6 L at 1 atm and 300 K?
- A1 mol
- B300 mol
- C2 mol
- D0.5 mol
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Acetabulum
Why this is the answer
The acetabulum is the cup-shaped socket of the hip bone, formed by the ilium, ischium and pubis. The glenoid cavity is the shoulder's socket.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Its visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
Why this is the answer
Visceral pain from midgut structures is referred to the T10 dermatome around the umbilicus. When the parietal peritoneum becomes inflamed, pain localises to the right iliac fossa.
B · Its visceral nerves enter the cord at T10, like the umbilical skin
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
Why this is the answer
Albumin generates most of the plasma oncotic pressure that pulls fluid back into capillaries. When it falls, more fluid stays in the tissues.
C · Plasma oncotic pressure falls
4.Human physiology
Answer: B · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
Why this is the answer
Maximum force occurs at an optimal sarcomere length with best filament overlap. Overstretching reduces overlap; too short a length makes filaments collide.
B · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · An mRNA copy of a gene is made from DNA
Why this is the answer
Transcription copies the information of a gene into messenger RNA. Translation then uses the mRNA at the ribosome to build a protein.
D · An mRNA copy of a gene is made from DNA
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Glucose in the kidney filtrate holds water by osmosis
Why this is the answer
When blood glucose is very high, the kidneys cannot reabsorb all the glucose. The extra glucose in the filtrate lowers its water potential, so less water is reabsorbed and more urine is produced.
A · Glucose in the kidney filtrate holds water by osmosis
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Evaporate the water
Why this is the answer
Dissolved salt cannot be filtered out. Heating the solution evaporates the water and leaves the salt crystals behind.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 1 mol
Why this is the answer
n = PV ÷ RT = (1 × 24.6) ÷ (0.082 × 300) = 24.6 ÷ 24.6 = 1 mol.
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