1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
In which structure do sperm mature and get stored after leaving the testis?
- ASeminal vesicle
- BEpididymis
- CSeminiferous tubules
- DProstate gland
2.Human anatomyHard
Which structure is found in the posterior mediastinum?
- AAscending aorta
- BHeart
- COesophagus
- DThymus
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is anatomical dead space?
- AThe space between the two pleural layers
- BThe volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
- CThe air that stays in the lungs after full exhalation (residual volume)
- DAlveoli that have collapsed completely
4.Human physiologyHard
Which spirometry finding is typical of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- AFEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
- BIncreased peak expiratory flow
- CFEV1/FVC ratio above 0.9 with low FVC
- DNormal FEV1 with low FVC
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Why do many plants close their stomata on hot, dry days?
- ATo take in more carbon dioxide
- BTo reduce water loss
- CTo speed up photosynthesis
- DTo release more oxygen
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A bag made of membrane that lets only water through contains a 10% sugar solution. It is placed in a beaker of 5% sugar solution. What happens?
- AWater moves into the bag, and the bag gains mass
- BWater moves out of the bag, and the bag loses mass
- CNothing changes, because sugar cannot cross
- DSugar moves out of the bag until both are 7.5%
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which type of radiation can be stopped by a sheet of paper?
- ABeta particles (fast electrons)
- BGamma rays
- CX-rays
- DAlpha particles
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Hydrogen peroxide fizzes when poured on a cut because an enzyme in blood breaks it down. What gas is produced, and what type of reaction is it?
- AHydrogen, in a single replacement reaction
- BOxygen, in a decomposition reaction
- CChlorine, in a synthesis reaction
- DCarbon dioxide, in a combustion reaction
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Epididymis
Why this is the answer
Sperm are made in the seminiferous tubules and then mature and are stored in the epididymis before passing into the ductus deferens.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Oesophagus
Why this is the answer
The posterior mediastinum contains the oesophagus, descending aorta, azygos veins and thoracic duct. The heart and ascending aorta are in the middle mediastinum; the thymus is in the superior and anterior mediastinum.
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
Why this is the answer
Anatomical dead space (about 150 ml) is air in the nose, trachea and bronchi. It is moved with every breath but never reaches the alveoli.
B · The volume of the conducting airways where no gas exchange happens
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
Why this is the answer
Narrowed airways slow expiration, so FEV1 falls more than FVC and the ratio drops below 0.7. In COPD this is not fully reversed by bronchodilators.
A · FEV1/FVC ratio below 0.7
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · To reduce water loss
Why this is the answer
Closing the stomata reduces water loss by transpiration and helps the plant avoid wilting. The cost is that less CO₂ can enter, so photosynthesis slows.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Water moves into the bag, and the bag gains mass
Why this is the answer
The bag is hypertonic to the beaker, so water enters the bag by osmosis and its mass increases. Sugar cannot move because the membrane is impermeable to it.
A · Water moves into the bag, and the bag gains mass
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · Alpha particles
Why this is the answer
Alpha particles are large and highly charged, so they interact strongly with matter and lose their energy quickly. Paper or the outer layer of skin stops them.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Oxygen, in a decomposition reaction
Why this is the answer
The enzyme catalase catalyses 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂. One compound breaking into simpler substances is decomposition, and the bubbles are oxygen.
B · Oxygen, in a decomposition reaction
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