1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls movement of the tongue?
- AFacial nerve (VII)
- BHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- CGlossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
- DVagus nerve (X)
2.Human anatomyHard
After axillary lymph node surgery, a patient's scapula sticks out from the chest wall when pushing against a wall. Which nerve has been damaged?
- AAxillary nerve
- BLong thoracic nerve
- CSuprascapular nerve
- DThoracodorsal nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which receptor is stimulated when the patellar tendon is tapped in the knee-jerk reflex?
- APacinian corpuscle
- BMuscle spindle
- CNociceptor
- DGolgi tendon organ
4.Human physiologyHard
Which substance's clearance is used as the gold standard to measure glomerular filtration rate?
- ACreatinine
- BGlucose
- CUrea
- DInulin
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Two heterozygous parents (Aa × Aa) are crossed. What is the expected genotype ratio?
- A1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
- B3 AA : 1 aa
- C1 AA : 1 aa
- D2 AA : 1 Aa : 1 aa
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does cooking oil not mix with water?
- AOil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
- BOil molecules are polar and repel the charged ends of water molecules
- COil is denser than water and sinks
- DWater molecules are nonpolar and avoid each other
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is the electron arrangement of a sodium atom (11 electrons)?
- A8, 2, 1
- B2, 9
- C2, 8, 1
- D2, 8, 2
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
An unknown element is shiny, conducts electricity, and reacts vigorously with water to form a basic solution and hydrogen gas. In which group is it most likely?
- AGroup 1 (alkali metals)
- BGroup 14 (carbon group)
- CGroup 18 (noble gases)
- DGroup 17 (halogens)
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
Why this is the answer
The hypoglossal nerve supplies the intrinsic and most extrinsic tongue muscles. A lesion makes the protruded tongue deviate towards the affected side.
B · Hypoglossal nerve (XII)
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Long thoracic nerve
Why this is the answer
The long thoracic nerve supplies serratus anterior, which holds the scapula against the chest wall. Damage causes a winged scapula.
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Muscle spindle
Why this is the answer
Tapping the tendon stretches quadriceps muscle spindles. Their afferents synapse directly on motor neurons in a monosynaptic reflex that contracts the muscle.
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Inulin
Why this is the answer
Inulin is filtered freely and is not reabsorbed or secreted, so its clearance equals GFR exactly. Creatinine is slightly secreted, so it overestimates GFR a little.
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · 1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa
Why this is the answer
The square gives AA, Aa, aA and aa, which is 1 : 2 : 1. The phenotype ratio is 3 dominant : 1 recessive.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
Why this is the answer
Water molecules attract each other by hydrogen bonds. Nonpolar oil molecules cannot take part in these bonds, so water excludes them and the oil separates, usually floating on top.
A · Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 2, 8, 1
Why this is the answer
Sodium's electrons fill the shells as 2, 8, 1. The single outer electron is easily lost, so sodium forms Na⁺.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Group 1 (alkali metals)
Why this is the answer
Alkali metals such as sodium and potassium react with water to form a hydroxide (a base) and hydrogen gas. Halogens and noble gases are nonmetals and do not conduct.
A · Group 1 (alkali metals)
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