1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve controls most of the muscles of facial expression?
- ATrigeminal nerve (V)
- BOculomotor nerve (III)
- CHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- DFacial nerve (VII)
2.Human anatomyHard
After an injury at the medial epicondyle of the elbow, a patient has numbness of the little finger and weakness of finger abduction. Which nerve is affected?
- AMedian nerve
- BUlnar nerve
- CRadial nerve
- DMusculocutaneous nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Cardiac output equals heart rate multiplied by:
- AStroke volume
- BPeripheral resistance
- CBlood pressure
- DEjection fraction
4.Human physiologyHard
Which mechanism mainly creates the concentration gradient in the medulla of the kidney?
- AThe countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
- BSecretion of urea into the proximal tubule
- CGlomerular filtration
- DADH acting on the descending limb
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which body system works with the respiratory system to deliver oxygen to body cells?
- AThe digestive system
- BThe circulatory system
- CThe urinary system
- DThe skeletal system
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
During the Industrial Revolution, soot darkened tree trunks in parts of England, and dark peppered moths became more common than pale ones. What best explains this?
- AThe moths chose to become dark to hide
- BBirds found and ate fewer dark moths on the dark trunks
- CThe soot settled on the pale moths and slowly turned them dark
- DDark moths were produced by the polluted air
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is a saturated solution?
- AA solution with only a small amount of solute dissolved in a lot of solvent
- BA solution that conducts no electricity
- CA solution that contains no solvent at all
- DA solution that holds as much solute as can dissolve at that temperature
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
A gas is at 1 atm in a 6 L container. At the same temperature, it is compressed to 2 L. What is the new pressure?
- A12 atm
- B3 atm
- C4 atm
- D0.33 atm
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Facial nerve (VII)
Why this is the answer
The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII) supplies the muscles of facial expression. Damage causes facial palsy, as in Bell's palsy.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Ulnar nerve
Why this is the answer
The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle. It supplies most intrinsic hand muscles, including the interossei, and the skin of the little finger.
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Stroke volume
Why this is the answer
CO = HR × SV. At rest about 70 beats/min × 70 mL ≈ 5 L/min.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
Why this is the answer
The ascending limb actively transports NaCl into the interstitium without letting water follow, and the countercurrent flow multiplies this into a steep gradient that ADH then uses to concentrate urine.
A · The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · The circulatory system
Why this is the answer
The lungs load oxygen into the blood, and the heart and blood vessels of the circulatory system carry it to the cells. The same systems bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs.
B · The circulatory system
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Birds found and ate fewer dark moths on the dark trunks
Why this is the answer
Dark moths were better camouflaged on sooty bark, so birds ate more pale moths. Dark moths survived and reproduced more, so the dark allele became more common: natural selection in action.
B · Birds found and ate fewer dark moths on the dark trunks
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · A solution that holds as much solute as can dissolve at that temperature
Why this is the answer
In a saturated solution no more solute dissolves at that temperature. A dilute solution has relatively little solute.
D · A solution that holds as much solute as can dissolve at that temperature
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 3 atm
Why this is the answer
P₂ = 1 × 6/2 = 3 atm. A third of the volume gives three times the pressure.
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