1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which two regions of the adult spine normally show a lordosis (curve concave towards the back)?
- ACervical and lumbar
- BThoracic and sacral
- CCervical and thoracic
- DThoracic and lumbar
2.Human anatomyHard
Why is the proximal pole of the scaphoid at risk of avascular necrosis after a waist fracture?
- AIts only artery runs through the lunate
- BIts blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
- CIt is drained by a single vein that clots easily
- DIt has no blood supply at all
3.Human physiologyMedium
Which is a classic example of positive feedback in the body?
- AADH release when plasma osmolality rises
- BOxytocin release during labour
- CSweating when body temperature rises
- DInsulin release after a meal
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does ketoacidosis typically develop in untreated type 1 diabetes but rarely in type 2?
- AType 2 patients cannot make ketones at all
- BKetones are only made in children
- CType 1 patients have more glucagon receptors
- DEven low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which type of graph is best for comparing the number of patients with each ABO blood type?
- AA bar graph
- BA line graph
- CA histogram
- DA scatter plot
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does the body store long-term energy as fat rather than as glycogen?
- AGlycogen cannot be broken down into glucose
- BFat is a type of protein
- CFat holds more than twice the energy per gram
- DFat dissolves easily in blood
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is a polymer?
- AAn ion with more than one charge
- BA small molecule containing only two atoms of one element
- CA mixture of several different elements
- DA large molecule built from many repeating smaller units called monomers
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆) join by a condensation reaction to form sucrose. What is the formula of sucrose?
- AC₁₂H₂₀O₁₀
- BC₁₂H₂₄O₁₂
- CC₆H₁₂O₆
- DC₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: A · Cervical and lumbar
Why this is the answer
The cervical and lumbar regions are lordotic (secondary curves). The thoracic and sacral regions are kyphotic (primary curves).
2.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Its blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
Why this is the answer
Branches of the radial artery enter the scaphoid mainly distally and flow backwards. A fracture through the waist can cut off the proximal pole, causing avascular necrosis.
B · Its blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Oxytocin release during labour
Why this is the answer
Stretch of the cervix releases oxytocin, which strengthens contractions and causes more stretch. The loop ends with delivery. The other examples are negative feedback.
B · Oxytocin release during labour
4.Human physiology
Answer: D · Even low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
Why this is the answer
Insulin strongly inhibits lipolysis and hepatic ketone production. In type 1 there is almost no insulin, so fatty acids flood the liver and ketones build up.
D · Even low insulin levels suppress lipolysis and ketogenesis
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · A bar graph
Why this is the answer
Bar graphs compare amounts across separate categories. Line graphs show change over a continuous variable such as time, and scatter plots show the relationship between two measured variables.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Fat holds more than twice the energy per gram
Why this is the answer
Lipids give about 9 kcal per gram, carbohydrates and proteins about 4 kcal per gram, so fat is a compact energy store.
C · Fat holds more than twice the energy per gram
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · A large molecule built from many repeating smaller units called monomers
Why this is the answer
Polymers are long chains of linked monomers. Starch is a polymer of glucose, proteins are polymers of amino acids and poly(ethene) is a polymer of ethene.
D · A large molecule built from many repeating smaller units called monomers
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁
Why this is the answer
Together the two sugars contain C₁₂H₂₄O₁₂. Condensation releases one H₂O, leaving C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, table sugar.
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