1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
The sympathetic nervous system leaves the central nervous system from which spinal segments?
- ACranial and sacral
- BCervical only
- CSacral only (S2–S4)
- DThoracic and upper lumbar (T1–L2)
2.Human anatomyHard
Why is the proximal pole of the scaphoid at risk of avascular necrosis after a waist fracture?
- AIts only artery runs through the lunate
- BIt is drained by a single vein that clots easily
- CIt has no blood supply at all
- DIts blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
3.Human physiologyMedium
What is the main effect of aldosterone on the kidney?
- ASodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
- BGlucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule
- CWater reabsorption by inserting aquaporins only
- DIncreased filtration in the glomerulus
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a deep sea diver risk decompression sickness when surfacing quickly?
- ACarbon dioxide cannot leave the lungs fast enough
- BThe lungs collapse when the pressure falls
- CNitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
- DOxygen becomes toxic at the surface
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
In a eukaryotic cell, where does transcription take place?
- AIn the Golgi apparatus
- BOn ribosomes in the cytoplasm
- CIn the nucleus
- DIn the lysosomes
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Why does cooking oil not mix with water?
- AOil molecules are polar and repel the charged ends of water molecules
- BWater molecules are nonpolar and avoid each other
- COil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
- DOil is denser than water and sinks
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
What kind of bond is found in a molecule of oxygen gas, O₂?
- AA polar covalent single bond
- BA nonpolar covalent double bond
- CA metallic bond
- DAn ionic bond
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which sample contains the greatest number of atoms?
- A1 mol of He
- B1 mol of O₂
- C1 mol of CH₄
- D1 mol of H₂O
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Thoracic and upper lumbar (T1–L2)
Why this is the answer
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons lie in the lateral horn from T1 to L2. The parasympathetic system has a craniosacral outflow.
D · Thoracic and upper lumbar (T1–L2)
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Its blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
Why this is the answer
Branches of the radial artery enter the scaphoid mainly distally and flow backwards. A fracture through the waist can cut off the proximal pole, causing avascular necrosis.
D · Its blood supply enters mainly from the distal end
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · Sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
Why this is the answer
Aldosterone acts on the distal tubule and collecting duct to increase Na⁺ reabsorption and K⁺ secretion. Water follows the sodium, raising blood volume.
A · Sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal nephron
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
Why this is the answer
At depth more nitrogen dissolves in the tissues. If pressure falls too fast it comes out of solution as bubbles in tissues and blood, causing "the bends".
C · Nitrogen dissolved at high pressure forms bubbles as the pressure falls
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · In the nucleus
Why this is the answer
Transcription happens in the nucleus, where the DNA is. The mRNA is processed and then exported through nuclear pores to the ribosomes for translation.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
Why this is the answer
Water molecules attract each other by hydrogen bonds. Nonpolar oil molecules cannot take part in these bonds, so water excludes them and the oil separates, usually floating on top.
C · Oil molecules are nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds with water
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · A nonpolar covalent double bond
Why this is the answer
Two identical atoms share electrons equally, so the bond is nonpolar covalent; in O₂ two pairs are shared, making a double bond.
B · A nonpolar covalent double bond
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 1 mol of CH₄
Why this is the answer
One mole of each contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules, but each CH₄ has 5 atoms, compared with 1 in He, 2 in O₂ and 3 in H₂O.
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