1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
- AVenae cavae
- BBronchial arteries
- CPulmonary arteries
- DPulmonary veins
2.Human anatomyHard
A patient cannot abduct the arm beyond about 15° after a fracture of the surgical neck of the humerus, and has numbness over the lateral shoulder. Which nerve is most likely injured?
- ALong thoracic nerve
- BRadial nerve
- CAxillary nerve
- DSuprascapular nerve
3.Human physiologyMedium
Where is the heart's natural pacemaker?
- APurkinje fibres
- BAtrioventricular node
- CBundle of His
- DSinoatrial node
4.Human physiologyHard
In a patient with primary hypothyroidism, you would expect:
- AHigh TSH and low free T4
- BLow TSH and high free T4
- CHigh TSH and high free T4
- DLow TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A plant with genotype Aa is crossed with an aa plant. What fraction of the offspring is expected to show the recessive trait?
- ANone of them
- B1/4
- C3/4
- D1/2
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A person's body temperature starts to fall in a cold room. Which responses help bring it back up?
- ASlower heart rate and less muscle activity
- BSweating and widening of blood vessels in the skin
- CShivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
- DFaster breathing and more urine production
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
The amino acid glycine has an –NH₂ group and a –COOH group. What are these two groups called?
- AA carbonyl group and an ester group
- BAn amino group and a carboxyl group
- CA phosphate group and a hydroxyl group
- DA hydroxyl group and a methyl group
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Vitamin C is water-soluble and vitamin D is fat-soluble. What does this suggest about their molecules?
- AVitamin C is nonpolar, while vitamin D is strongly polar
- BBoth are ionic compounds
- CVitamin C is polar, while vitamin D is mostly nonpolar
- DBoth are equally polar
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Pulmonary veins
Why this is the answer
Four pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood into the left atrium. They are the main exception to the rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Axillary nerve
Why this is the answer
The axillary nerve wraps around the surgical neck of the humerus. It supplies deltoid and teres minor and the skin over the lateral shoulder ("regimental badge" area).
3.Human physiology
Answer: D · Sinoatrial node
Why this is the answer
The SA node depolarises spontaneously at the fastest rate and sets the heart rhythm. The AV node delays the impulse before it spreads to the ventricles.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · High TSH and low free T4
Why this is the answer
When the thyroid fails, low T4 removes negative feedback and the pituitary raises TSH. Low TSH with low T4 would point to secondary (pituitary) hypothyroidism.
A · High TSH and low free T4
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · 1/2
Why this is the answer
The offspring are Aa and aa in equal numbers, so half show the recessive phenotype. This is a test cross.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Shivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
Why this is the answer
Shivering produces heat by rapid muscle contractions, and vasoconstriction in the skin reduces heat loss. Sweating and vasodilation are used when the body is too warm.
C · Shivering and narrowing of blood vessels in the skin
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · An amino group and a carboxyl group
Why this is the answer
Every amino acid has an amino group (–NH₂, basic) and a carboxyl group (–COOH, acidic). These two groups react to form peptide bonds.
B · An amino group and a carboxyl group
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Vitamin C is polar, while vitamin D is mostly nonpolar
Why this is the answer
Water dissolves polar molecules; fats dissolve nonpolar ones. Vitamin C has many polar O–H groups, while vitamin D is mostly hydrocarbon. This is why fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) can be stored in body fat.
C · Vitamin C is polar, while vitamin D is mostly nonpolar
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