1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which part of the brainstem contains the main cardiovascular and respiratory centres?
- AMidbrain
- BCerebellum
- CMedulla oblongata
- DPons
2.Human anatomyHard
In the femoral triangle, what is the order of the main structures from lateral to medial?
- AFemoral artery, femoral nerve, femoral vein
- BFemoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve
- CFemoral nerve, femoral vein, femoral artery
- DFemoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
3.Human physiologyMedium
Vital capacity is the sum of which lung volumes?
- AInspiratory reserve volume and residual volume
- BTidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
- CResidual volume and expiratory reserve volume
- DTidal volume and residual volume
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a person with a high spinal cord injury above T1 risk low blood pressure?
- AThe vagus nerve is cut, so the heart rate rises
- BThe phrenic nerve can no longer control the tone of the arteries
- CThe sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
- DRenin release from the kidney stops completely
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
A seedling is 4 cm tall at week 1, 8 cm at week 2, 12 cm at week 3 and 16 cm at week 4. If the trend continues, how tall will it be at week 6?
- A32 cm
- B18 cm
- C24 cm
- D20 cm
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
A colour-blind man (XᵇY) has children with a woman who carries the allele (XᴮXᵇ). What is the probability that a daughter is colour-blind?
- A1
- B1/4
- C1/2
- D0
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which coefficients balance __Na + __Cl₂ → __NaCl?
- A2, 2, 1
- B2, 1, 2
- C1, 2, 1
- D1, 1, 1
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Which of these is a redox reaction?
- ACaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
- BAgNO₃ + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO₃
- CZn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
- DNaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Medulla oblongata
Why this is the answer
The medulla oblongata contains the vital centres that regulate heart rate, blood pressure and breathing rhythm.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: D · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
Why this is the answer
From lateral to medial: nerve, artery, vein, then empty space and lymphatics (NAVEL). This is why the femoral artery pulse lies between the nerve and vein.
D · Femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: B · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
Why this is the answer
Vital capacity = IRV + TV + ERV. It excludes the residual volume, which always stays in the lungs.
B · Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · The sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
Why this is the answer
Sympathetic outflow leaves the cord at T1–L2. A lesion above it removes vasomotor tone and cardiac sympathetic drive while the vagus still works, causing hypotension and bradycardia (neurogenic shock).
C · The sympathetic outflow to the vessels and heart is cut off
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 24 cm
Why this is the answer
The plant grows 4 cm each week. Two more weeks after week 4 gives 16 + 4 + 4 = 24 cm. Predicting beyond measured data (extrapolation) assumes the trend continues.
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 1/2
Why this is the answer
Each daughter gets Xᵇ from the father and either Xᴮ or Xᵇ from the mother. So half the daughters are expected to be XᵇXᵇ (colour-blind) and half XᴮXᵇ (carriers).
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 2, 1, 2
Why this is the answer
Cl₂ has two Cl atoms, so 2NaCl is needed, which needs 2Na: 2Na + Cl₂ → 2NaCl. Each side has 2 Na and 2 Cl.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
Why this is the answer
Zinc goes from 0 to +2 and copper from +2 to 0, so electrons are transferred. In the other reactions every element keeps its oxidation number, so they are not redox.
C · Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu
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