1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which muscle group on the front of the thigh extends the knee?
- AHamstrings
- BQuadriceps femoris
- CAdductors
- DGluteal muscles
2.Human anatomyHard
A footballer takes a blow to the outside of the planted knee. Which combination of injuries is classically called the "unhappy triad"?
- AAnterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament and patellar ligament
- BMedial collateral ligament, lateral collateral ligament and patella
- CAnterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
- DPosterior cruciate ligament, lateral collateral ligament and lateral meniscus
3.Human physiologyMedium
During contraction of a skeletal muscle sarcomere, which band stays the same length?
- AA band
- BH zone
- CI band
- DThe whole sarcomere
4.Human physiologyHard
According to the length–tension relationship, why does a skeletal muscle fibre produce less force when overstretched?
- AActin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
- BThe neuromuscular junction stops working
- CThe muscle runs out of ATP when stretched
- DCalcium is no longer released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum when stretched
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
Drugs against fungal infections often cause more side effects than drugs against bacteria. Why?
- AFungal cells are eukaryotic, like human cells
- BFungi are much smaller than bacteria
- CFungi reproduce only by binary fission
- DFungi have no cell membrane for drugs to act on
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
When caring for a patient with C. difficile infection, why is hand washing with soap and water preferred over alcohol hand rub?
- AAlcohol makes the spores more infectious
- BSoap and water are faster than alcohol rub
- CAlcohol does not kill its spores, but washing removes them
- DSoap kills the spores, but alcohol only kills viruses and not bacteria
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
In the reaction 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O, how many moles of water form from 3 moles of oxygen?
- A1.5 mol
- B6 mol
- C3 mol
- D2 mol
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
Water is split as 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂. What volume of O₂ at STP (0 °C and 1 atm) forms from 2 mol of water?
- A11.2 L
- B67.2 L
- C22.4 L
- D44.8 L
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Quadriceps femoris
Why this is the answer
Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris and three vasti) extends the knee through the patellar ligament. The hamstrings flex it.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
Why this is the answer
A valgus force with rotation tears the MCL, the ACL and the medial meniscus, which is firmly attached to the MCL.
C · Anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus
3.Human physiology
Answer: A · A band
Why this is the answer
In the sliding filament model, filaments slide past each other without shortening. The A band (myosin length) stays the same while the I band and H zone shorten.
4.Human physiology
Answer: A · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
Why this is the answer
Maximum force occurs at an optimal sarcomere length with best filament overlap. Overstretching reduces overlap; too short a length makes filaments collide.
A · Actin and myosin overlap less, so fewer cross-bridges form
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: A · Fungal cells are eukaryotic, like human cells
Why this is the answer
Fungal and human cells share many features, such as a nucleus and similar ribosomes. Fewer targets are unique to fungi, so antifungal drugs are more likely to affect human cells too.
A · Fungal cells are eukaryotic, like human cells
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · Alcohol does not kill its spores, but washing removes them
Why this is the answer
C. difficile spores resist alcohol. Washing with soap and running water physically removes spores from the hands, so it is used along with gloves and contact precautions.
C · Alcohol does not kill its spores, but washing removes them
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · 6 mol
Why this is the answer
The ratio is 1 O₂ : 2 H₂O, so 3 mol O₂ gives 6 mol H₂O (with enough hydrogen).
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 22.4 L
Why this is the answer
2 mol H₂O gives 1 mol O₂ (ratio 2 : 1). At STP, 1 mol of gas occupies 22.4 L. The 2 mol of H₂ formed would fill 44.8 L.
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