1Formulas and methods
Biology for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Name the topic of the question: cell parts, transport, division, DNA and protein synthesis, inheritance, biomolecules, microorganisms or experimental design.
- Recall the key rule: A–T and G–C, diffusion from high to low, water moves towards more solute, mitosis keeps and meiosis halves the chromosome number.
- For crosses, write the parents’ genotypes, list the gametes and fill a Punnett square before counting.
- For experiments, label the independent, dependent and controlled variables, and ask whether the evidence supports or only suggests the conclusion.
- Check each option against the question asked, not just whether it is a true statement.
Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Method
- Identify what is given and asked: particles, a formula, a state change, a concentration, a pH or a mass.
- Use the periodic table: the atomic number gives protons, the group gives valence electrons and the usual ion charge.
- Balance equations with coefficients only, element by element, oxygen and hydrogen last.
- For amounts, go mass → moles → mole ratio → moles → mass, and for solutions use M = mol/L and C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.
- Remember that pH is logarithmic: one unit is a factor of 10.
2Practice problems
1.Human anatomyMedium
Which cranial nerve supplies the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles?
- AVagus nerve (X)
- BAccessory nerve (XI)
- CHypoglossal nerve (XII)
- DFacial nerve (VII)
2.Human anatomyHard
In portal hypertension, oesophageal varices form at which portosystemic anastomosis?
- ABetween the paraumbilical veins and the epigastric veins
- BBetween the splenic vein and the left renal vein
- CBetween the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
- DBetween the superior rectal and middle rectal veins
3.Human physiologyMedium
The Frank–Starling mechanism describes that:
- AThe atria contract after the ventricles
- BContractility falls when temperature rises
- CStroke volume rises when ventricular filling increases
- DHeart rate rises when arterial blood pressure falls suddenly
4.Human physiologyHard
Why does a person with lactase deficiency get diarrhoea and bloating after drinking milk?
- ALactose damages the villi directly
- BMilk protein triggers an allergic reaction
- CUndigested lactose draws water into the gut and is fermented by colonic bacteria
- DLactose is absorbed too quickly and raises blood glucose
5.Biology for nursing entrance examsMedium
What is a mutation?
- AThe pairing of homologous chromosomes
- BA change in the number of cells in a tissue
- CThe normal copying of DNA before division
- DA change in the base sequence of DNA
6.Biology for nursing entrance examsHard
Two parents are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder. They have three children. What is the probability that none of the three is affected?
- A1/64
- B3/4
- C27/64
- D9/16
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsMedium
Which property stays the same whether you have a small sample or a large sample of a pure substance?
- ATotal heat content
- BDensity
- CVolume
- DMass
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance examsHard
When sugar dissolves in water, why is it not a chemical change?
- AHeat is always released when sugar dissolves
- BThe sugar is destroyed and replaced by water
- CThe sugar molecules stay sugar and can be recovered
- DSugar reacts with water to form a new compound
3Solutions
1.Human anatomy
Answer: B · Accessory nerve (XI)
Why this is the answer
The accessory nerve (XI) supplies sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. Damage weakens head turning and shoulder shrugging.
2.Human anatomy
Answer: C · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
Why this is the answer
At the lower oesophagus, portal blood in the left gastric vein meets systemic blood in the oesophageal veins draining to the azygos system. High portal pressure dilates these veins.
C · Between the left gastric vein and the oesophageal tributaries of the azygos vein
3.Human physiology
Answer: C · Stroke volume rises when ventricular filling increases
Why this is the answer
Greater end-diastolic volume stretches the myocardium, which increases the force of contraction and the stroke volume, matching output to venous return.
C · Stroke volume rises when ventricular filling increases
4.Human physiology
Answer: C · Undigested lactose draws water into the gut and is fermented by colonic bacteria
Why this is the answer
Unabsorbed lactose acts osmotically, pulling water into the lumen. Colonic bacteria ferment it, producing gas and short-chain fatty acids.
C · Undigested lactose draws water into the gut and is fermented by colonic bacteria
5.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: D · A change in the base sequence of DNA
Why this is the answer
A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence. It may have no effect, a harmful effect or occasionally a helpful one.
D · A change in the base sequence of DNA
6.Biology for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · 27/64
Why this is the answer
For each child, P(unaffected) = 3/4. For three independent children, multiply: 3/4 × 3/4 × 3/4 = 27/64, about 42%.
7.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: B · Density
Why this is the answer
Density is an intensive property: it depends on the substance, not the amount. Mass, volume and total heat content are extensive properties that grow with sample size.
8.Chemistry for nursing entrance exams
Answer: C · The sugar molecules stay sugar and can be recovered
Why this is the answer
Dissolving spreads intact sugar molecules among water molecules. No new substance forms, and evaporation recovers the sugar.
C · The sugar molecules stay sugar and can be recovered
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