Redes de computadores: pack de repaso

IPv4 subnetting: an address has 32 bits. The prefix /p says how many leading bits identify the network; the remaining 32 − p bits number the hosts. A subnet has 2³²⁻ᵖ addresses, but the first (network address) and last (broadcast address) cannot be given to hosts, so 2³²⁻ᵖ − 2 hosts fit. Exceptions: a /31 (point-to-point link, RFC 3021) uses both of its 2 addresses for hosts, and a /32 is one single address (a single host or a loopback).

IPv4 subnetting: an address has 32 bits. The prefix /p says how many leading bits identify the network; the remaining 32 − p bits number the hosts. A subnet has 2³²⁻ᵖ addresses, but the first (network address) and last (broadcast address) cannot be given to hosts, so 2³²⁻ᵖ − 2 hosts fit. Exceptions: a /31 (point-to-point link, RFC 3021) uses both of its 2 addresses for hosts, and a /32 is one single address (a single host or a loopback).

Poner bits: cada bit vale una potencia de dos (128, 64, …, 1). Un dígito hexadecimal son exactamente cuatro bits, y en complemento a dos de 8 bits el bit de más a la izquierda vale −128. Las operaciones bit a bit actúan sobre cada posición de bit por separado.

Sistemas de numeración posicionales: cada dígito vale su valor por una potencia de la base. En binario las posiciones valen 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, …; en hexadecimal 1, 16, 256, …, con A–F para 10–15. En complemento a dos de 8 bits, el bit de la izquierda vale −128 en vez de +128; así se guardan los números negativos.