NCLEX-PN-शैली के अभ्यास प्रश्न (LPN/LVN): क्रैम पैक

In England and Wales, what does it mean if a child under 16 is "Gillick competent"?

1. AThey can refuse all treatment, whatever the risk, until they reach the age of 18
2. BThey have enough understanding to consent to a particular treatment themselves
3. CThey are old enough to vote and drive
4. DTheir parents must always make every decision for them

A nurse notices that the power cable of an infusion pump is frayed. What is the correct action?

1. AUnplug it and put it back in the equipment store
2. BWrap tape around the cable and keep using it
3. CUse it only for patients who are not seriously ill
4. DTake it out of use, label it as faulty and report it

A patient has a weak left leg. Which instruction about using a cane is correct?

1. AHold the cane in the left hand, on the weaker side
2. BHold the cane in the right hand, on the stronger side
3. CKeep the cane well out to the side, away from the body
4. DMove the cane and the right leg forward together

A patient on airborne precautions for tuberculosis wants to walk in the hallway. What is the best response?

1. AAllow it, as long as the patient wears an N95 respirator in the corridor
2. BExplain that they must stay in the room, and offer ways to stay active inside it
3. CAllow it, if they avoid the nurses’ station
4. DAllow it, as long as they walk quickly

An anxious patient is breathing very fast and has tingling fingers. The blood gas shows pH 7.51 and PaCO₂ 29 mmHg (3.9 kPa). What should the nurse do first?

1. AStay with the patient and coach slow, calm breathing
2. BGive IV sodium bicarbonate as soon as it can be found
3. CEncourage the patient to breathe even faster
4. DGive oxygen at the highest flow and leave the room

A 2-month-old infant has a spiral fracture of the femur. The parents say the baby rolled off the sofa. What should the nurse recognize?

1. ANo further action is needed once the fracture is treated
2. BThe injury does not fit the infant’s development, so possible abuse must be reported
3. CA spiral fracture in an infant is always caused by birth trauma
4. DInfants of this age often roll off furniture and break bones in this way

A spontaneously breathing patient is critically ill and hypoxic. Which oxygen delivery gives the highest concentration?

1. AVenturi mask set to 24%
2. BNon-rebreathe mask with reservoir bag at 15 L/min
3. CSimple face mask at 5 L/min with the patient sitting up
4. DNasal cannula at 2 L/min

Which route and site are recommended for the first dose of adrenaline (epinephrine) in anaphylaxis on a ward?

1. AIntravenous bolus given by the nurse without monitoring
2. BIntramuscular injection into the anterolateral thigh
3. COral tablet dissolved under the tongue
4. DSubcutaneous injection into the upper arm

Why must vitamin B₁₂ deficiency be ruled out before treating macrocytic anemia with folic acid alone?

1. AFolic acid causes iron overload when B₁₂ levels are low
2. BFolic acid makes B₁₂ deficiency anemia much worse within a few days
3. CFolic acid can fix the anemia while B₁₂-related nerve damage continues
4. DFolic acid blocks the absorption of all B₁₂ from the diet

A patient with jaundice and nausea has a positive IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus (IgM anti-HAV). What does this show?

1. AA current or recent hepatitis A infection
2. BChronic hepatitis A lasting many years
3. CPast hepatitis B infection that has cleared
4. DImmunity from hepatitis A vaccine long ago

ACE इनहिबिटर रक्तचाप कैसे घटाते हैं?

1. Aहृदय के बीटा-1 रिसेप्टर रोककर
2. Bवे वाहिकाओं की चिकनी पेशी कोशिकाओं में L-प्रकार के कैल्शियम चैनल रोकते हैं
3. Cगुर्दे में सोडियम पुनःअवशोषण बढ़ाकर
4. Dएंजियोटेंसिन I को एंजियोटेंसिन II में बदलने से रोककर

A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis is about to start an IV insulin infusion. Serum potassium is 3.1 mmol/L (mEq/L). Why is this a concern?

1. APotassium has no link with insulin, so the infusion is started as planned
2. BLow potassium makes insulin ineffective, so a higher dose is needed
3. CInsulin moves potassium into cells, so the level can fall dangerously low
4. DInsulin raises potassium further and can cause cardiac arrest, so the infusion is given faster

A patient uses a glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) patch for angina. Why is it usually removed for several hours each day?

1. AThe skin needs a break to absorb a larger dose
2. BThe patch works only during the night
3. CIt lowers the risk of a high potassium level
4. DA nitrate-free interval prevents tolerance

A healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's attention first?

1. AA patient with heart failure who is newly confused, with SpO₂ 89%
2. BA patient with COPD whose SpO₂ is 90% on 1 L/min, which is usual for him
3. CA patient with a DVT whose leg is less swollen today
4. DA patient after a PCI asking for a cup of tea

A patient takes levodopa for Parkinson's disease. Which teaching point is correct?

1. AStop the drug for a day each week to avoid tolerance
2. BLarge high-protein meals can reduce how well the drug works
3. CThe tablets work best taken with a large steak dinner
4. DThe drug cures the disease if taken for a full year

A patient taking an SGLT2 inhibitor is booked for major surgery. Which statement is correct?

1. ASurgery is not possible in patients taking this drug
2. BThe dose is usually doubled on the morning of surgery
3. CThe drug must be taken right up until the operation starts
4. DIt is usually paused in the days before surgery

Which finding means a patient is usually ready to leave recovery for the ward?

1. AAwake, with a clear airway, stable observations and controlled pain
2. BPain score 9/10 and vomiting repeatedly
3. CStill drowsy and needing a jaw thrust to breathe
4. DSystolic BP falling steadily over the last hour, with a rising pulse rate

On the day after a Hartmann's procedure, the end colostomy is dark purple to black. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport it urgently, as the stoma may be necrotic
2. BRecord it as normal postoperative bruising and recheck it next week
3. CRub the stoma to improve its colour
4. DCut a smaller hole in the pouch

A woman in late pregnancy has numbness and tingling in her thumb and first fingers, worse at night. What is the most likely cause?

1. ALow blood calcium
2. BVitamin K deficiency
3. CA stroke caused by pre-eclampsia
4. DCarpal tunnel syndrome

प्रसवोत्तर वार्ड में किस निष्कर्ष की तुरंत सूचना देनी चाहिए?

1. Aदूसरे दिन लोकिया रुब्रा
2. Bमहिला 15 मिनट के भीतर एक बड़ा पैड भिगो रही है
3. Cदूसरे दिन नाभि से 2 cm नीचे फंडस
4. Dपहले दिन पेरिनियम में हल्की सूजन

A 6-year-old with a life-limiting illness asks the nurse, "Am I going to die?" What is the best response?

1. ATell the child that only the doctor is allowed to talk about this subject with children
2. BTell the child firmly that this will not happen
3. CChange the subject quickly so the child is not upset
4. DFind out what prompted the question, then answer honestly and simply, with the family

A healthy breastfed baby has lost 7% of her birth weight on day 3. What is the best interpretation?

1. AThis is severe dehydration and needs immediate IV fluids
2. BThis is within the usual range; observe a feed and follow the weight
3. CThis shows breastfeeding has failed, so formula should replace breast milk from now on
4. DThis weight loss is only normal in formula-fed babies

A patient taking clozapine complains of drooling, especially at night. How should the nurse respond?

1. ARecognise it as a common side effect, report it and suggest a towel on the pillow
2. BStop the clozapine immediately, because this is a sign of agranulocytosis
3. CTell him that it means the clozapine dose is too low and needs to be increased
4. DExplain that it is a sign of an allergic reaction to the medicine

A nurse notices that a colleague smells of alcohol, has slurred speech and is about to give medicines. What should the nurse do?

1. AReport the concern immediately to the nurse in charge, following policy, to protect patients
2. BGive the colleague some strong coffee and let her continue with the medicine round if she says she feels fine
3. CWait until the end of the shift, then talk privately with the colleague
4. DSay nothing, because it is not her responsibility

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। एक रोगी का तापमान 101.3 °F है। इसे °C = (°F − 32) × 5/9 से डिग्री सेल्सियस T में बदलिए। एक दशमलव स्थान तक पूर्णांकित कीजिए।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। एक शिफ़्ट के दौरान रोगी 2 tsp / खाँसी का सिरप, 3 tbsp / तरल पूरक, 1½ कप / चाय लेता है। दिए गए समतुल्यों का उपयोग करके mL में कुल मुँह से अंतर्ग्रहण V ज्ञात कीजिए।

32 kg वज़न वाले बच्चे को किसी दवा की 2.5 mg/kg खुराक निर्धारित की गई है। स्टॉक घोल में 10 mg/mL है। खुराक खींचें: आप कितना आयतन V देते हैं?

निर्धारित खुराक किसी दवा की 840 इकाइयाँ है, जो 1000 इकाई/mL में आती है। 1 mL की सिरिंज में खुराक खींचें: आप कितना आयतन V देते हैं?

75 mL/h पर इन्फ्यूज़न का आदेश है, पर कोई पंप उपलब्ध नहीं है। यह 20 gtt/mL वाले गिविंग सेट से गुरुत्व द्वारा चलता है। ड्रिप दर R बूँद प्रति मिनट में ज्ञात कीजिए।

500 mg दवा को 250 mL में घोला जाता है और 15 gtt/mL वाले सेट से गुरुत्व द्वारा दिया जाता है। आदेश 40 mg प्रति घंटा है। ड्रिप दर R बूँद प्रति मिनट में ज्ञात कीजिए।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। रिकॉर्ड एक 8-घंटे की शिफ़्ट के लिए रोगी का अंतर्ग्रहण और निर्गम दिखाता है। IV इन्फ्यूज़न पूरी शिफ़्ट में दिखाई गई दर पर चला। कुल अंतर्ग्रहण I mL में ज्ञात कीजिए।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। एक 1000 mL बैग पंप से 150 mL/h पर चल रहा है। 17:00 पर 300 mL पहले ही दिए जा चुके हैं। बैग खाली होने में कितने घंटे t लगेंगे? एक दशमलव स्थान तक पूर्णांकित करें।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। एक अभ्यास रोगी का मोर्स फ़ॉल स्केल से आकलन किया गया है: पिछले 3 माह में गिरने का इतिहास: हाँ; द्वितीयक निदान: हाँ; चलने में सहायता: कोई नहीं, बिस्तर पर आराम या नर्स सहायता करती है; IV चिकित्सा या सैलाइन लॉक: हाँ; चाल: बाधित; मानसिक स्थिति: अपनी सीमाएँ जानता है। मोर्स कुल MFS ज्ञात कीजिए।

अभ्यास प्रश्न (काल्पनिक मान, नैदानिक मार्गदर्शन नहीं)। इन अवलोकनों के लिए NEWS2 चार्ट (SpO₂ स्केल 1) का उपयोग कीजिए: श्वसन दर 14/min, SpO₂ 99% कमरे की हवा में, रक्तचाप 78/46 mmHg, नाड़ी 64/min, सचेत, तापमान 37.7 °C। रोगी किस नैदानिक जोखिम समूह में आता है? उसे चुनिए।

1. 1निम्न
2. 2कम से मध्यम
3. 3मध्यम
4. 4उच्च