Pengendalian Infeksi dan Keselamatan Pasien: paket kilat

Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 6 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.

Soal baruKembali ke mata kuliah

Di jendela cetak, pilih “Simpan sebagai PDF” untuk menyimpan salinan di perangkat Anda.

1Rumus dan metode

Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasien

Metode

  1. Mulailah dengan kewaspadaan standar untuk setiap pasien: kebersihan tangan, APD sesuai pajanan yang diperkirakan, benda tajam yang aman.
  2. Tambahkan kewaspadaan menurut jalur: kontak (gaun, sarung tangan), droplet (masker bedah), udara (N95, ruang bertekanan negatif).
  3. Jaga barang steril tetap steril: bila ragu, anggap tidak steril; ganti, jangan pernah dilap.
  4. Cegah bahaya di lingkungan: tindakan pencegahan jatuh, restrain hanya sebagai pilihan terakhir, RACE dan PASS untuk kebakaran.
  5. Periksa prinsip benar dalam pemberian obat, dua identitas, dan pengaman tambahan untuk obat berisiko tinggi; laporkan kesalahan dan nyaris cedera.

2Soal latihan

1.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasienSedang

Why is “QD” (once daily) on The Joint Commission’s “Do Not Use” list?

  1. AIt means “every day at bedtime” in some hospitals
  2. BIt is only allowed for intravenous medicines
  3. CIt can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
  4. DIt is a Latin abbreviation, and only plain English abbreviations may be used
2.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasienSulit

Only one airborne infection isolation room (negative pressure) is free. Which newly admitted patient should be placed in it?

  1. AA patient with an MRSA wound infection
  2. BA patient with confirmed seasonal influenza and a cough
  3. CA patient with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis
  4. DA patient with C. difficile diarrhea
3.Dasar-dasar keperawatanSedang

In the PQRST pain assessment, what does "Q" ask about?

  1. AWhether the pain is quieter at night
  2. BThe quantity of analgesia the patient has already taken today
  3. CHow quickly the pain started
  4. DThe quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
4.Dasar-dasar keperawatanSulit

For a patient at risk of pressure ulcers, why is the head of the bed usually kept at 30 degrees or less if their condition allows?

  1. ALower angles stop the patient from getting out of bed
  2. BLower angles increase blood flow to the heels
  3. CHigher angles make the patient slide down, causing shear over the sacrum
  4. DHigher angles always cause breathing problems in patients who are bedbound
5.MikrobiologiSedang

Bakteri mana yang menyebabkan batuk rejan (pertusis)?

  1. ACorynebacterium diphtheriae
  2. BHaemophilus influenzae
  3. CMycoplasma pneumoniae
  4. DBordetella pertussis
6.MikrobiologiSulit

Apa yang ditunjukkan eksperimen labu leher angsa Pasteur?

  1. AUdara itu sendiri menghasilkan mikroorganisme
  2. BMikroorganisme membutuhkan cahaya untuk tumbuh
  3. CPerebusan tidak dapat membunuh mikroorganisme
  4. DMikroorganisme berasal dari mikroorganisme lain, bukan dari generasi spontan

3Larutan

1.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasien

Jawaban: C · It can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely

Mengapa ini jawabannya

“QD” and “QOD” can be confused with each other and with “QID”, leading to serious dosing errors. The word “daily” or “every other day” is written in full instead.

Jawaban

C · It can be misread as QID or QOD, so the drug is given too often or too rarely
2.Pengendalian infeksi & keselamatan pasien

Jawaban: C · A patient with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Tuberculosis needs airborne precautions in a negative-pressure room. Influenza needs droplet precautions and MRSA and C. difficile need contact precautions, which can be given in an ordinary single room.

Jawaban

C · A patient with suspected active pulmonary tuberculosis
3.Dasar-dasar keperawatan

Jawaban: D · The quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning

Mengapa ini jawabannya

PQRST covers Provoking or palliating factors, Quality, Region and radiation, Severity and Timing. Describing the quality helps identify the cause of the pain.

Jawaban

D · The quality of the pain, such as sharp, dull or burning
4.Dasar-dasar keperawatan

Jawaban: C · Higher angles make the patient slide down, causing shear over the sacrum

Mengapa ini jawabannya

When the head is raised high, the body tends to slide while the skin stays still, distorting the tissues over the sacrum. Keeping the angle low, where safe, reduces this shear.

Jawaban

C · Higher angles make the patient slide down, causing shear over the sacrum
5.Mikrobiologi

Jawaban: D · Bordetella pertussis

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Bordetella pertussis menyebabkan serangan batuk panjang dengan bunyi "whoop". Penyakit ini paling berbahaya bagi bayi, itulah sebabnya vaksinasi selama kehamilan ditawarkan di banyak negara.

Jawaban

D · Bordetella pertussis
6.Mikrobiologi

Jawaban: D · Mikroorganisme berasal dari mikroorganisme lain, bukan dari generasi spontan

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Kaldu yang direbus dalam labu berleher lengkung tetap steril karena debu dan mikroba terperangkap di lengkungan. Ketika leher dipatahkan, mikroba masuk dan tumbuh, sehingga membantah generasi spontan.

Jawaban

D · Mikroorganisme berasal dari mikroorganisme lain, bukan dari generasi spontan

ExamProblems · examproblems.com/courses/infection-control-and-patient-safety