1.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSedang
A patient taking isosorbide mononitrate asks about sildenafil for erectile dysfunction. What is the main danger?
- ASevere hypotension
- BA very high potassium level
- CSevere hypertension
- DBleeding from the gums
2.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSulit
A patient with a tracheostomy suddenly becomes distressed, and a suction catheter will not pass down the tube. What should the nurse do first?
- AGive a nebulised bronchodilator
- BInflate the cuff with more air
- CIncrease the oxygen and wait
- DRemove the inner cannula
3.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSedang
Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?
- AOnly present after reading for a long time
- BWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
- CBetter in the morning and worse with stress
- DA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest
4.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSulit
A patient with Parkinson's disease is nil by mouth after abdominal surgery. Their levodopa is due. What is the best action?
- AGive the tablets with a sip of water anyway
- BOmit the dose until the patient can swallow again
- CGive double the dose once eating restarts
- DContact the prescriber or pharmacist about another route
5.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSedang
Why are patients with diabetes often placed early on the operating list?
- ABecause their wounds heal faster in the morning
- BBecause their surgery always takes longer than others
- CBecause they need to go home before midday
- DTo shorten fasting and reduce swings in blood glucose
6.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSulit
Which patient has the highest risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting?
- AA man with no history of nausea having local anaesthetic only
- BA smoker who has never had nausea after surgery
- CA non-smoking woman with motion sickness who will need opioids
- DA male smoker having a short procedure without opioids
7.Keperawatan klinisSedang
A nurse gives a patient analgesia for post-operative pain. What should be done next?
- AAssume the pain has gone if the patient is quiet and has their eyes closed
- BGive a second analgesic straight away just in case
- CReassess the pain and any side effects once the drug has had time to work
- DWait until the next shift before asking the patient about the pain
8.Keperawatan klinisSulit
A patient has a blood pressure of 220/130 mmHg with headache, confusion and visual disturbance. Why is the blood pressure lowered in a controlled way rather than as fast as possible?
- ABlood pressure cannot be lowered with drugs
- BRapid lowering always causes the hypertension to come back much worse
- CRapid lowering causes hyperglycaemia
- DA sudden drop can reduce blood flow to the brain, heart and kidneys
9.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSedang
A patient on warfarin has an INR of 7,8 and a nosebleed. Which medication would the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
- AAcetylcysteine
- BVitamin K (phytonadione)
- CProtamine sulfate
- DNaloxone hydrochloride
10.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSulit
A patient on a stable dose of levothyroxine now has a TSH of 9,8 mIU/L. She recently started taking her calcium and iron supplements with her morning levothyroxine. What is the most likely explanation?
- AThe TSH is low, showing that the dose is now too high
- BThe result is normal for a person on levothyroxine therapy
- CThe supplements are reducing levothyroxine absorption
- DThe supplements are causing an overactive thyroid gland
11.Interpretasi analisis gas darah arteriSedang
Nilai latihan: Na⁺ 133 mmol/L, glukosa 9,5 mmol/L, dan urea 4,8 mmol/L. Hitung osmolalitas serum Osm = 2·Na⁺ + glukosa + urea sampai bilangan bulat terdekat.
Na⁺ 133 mmol/Lglukosa 9,5 mmol/Lurea 4,8 mmol/L
Osm = mOsm/kg
12.Interpretasi analisis gas darah arteriSulit
Nilai latihan: Na⁺ 141, Cl⁻ 102, dan HCO₃⁻ 17 mmol/L. Hitung rasio delta (AG − 12)/(24 − HCO₃⁻), dengan AG = Na⁺ − (Cl⁻ + HCO₃⁻). Berikan dua desimal.
Na⁺ 141 mmol/LCl⁻ 102 mmol/LHCO₃⁻ 17 mmol/L
rasio delta =
13.Interpretasi strip irama EKGSedang
Ukur interval QT dan interval R–R pada strip sadapan II yang teratur ini, lalu hitung QTc yang dikoreksi terhadap frekuensi dengan rumus Bazett QTc = QT/√RR (keduanya dalam detik). Berikan jawaban dalam detik dengan tiga angka desimal.
sadapan II, 25 mm/detik, 10 mm/mV1 kotak kecil = 0,04 detik, 1 kotak besar = 0,20 detikpanjang strip 6 detik
QTc = s
14.Interpretasi strip irama EKGSulit
Strip sadapan II ini menunjukkan blok AV dengan irama ventrikel yang tidak teratur. Gunakan metode 6 detik untuk mencari frekuensi ventrikel dalam denyut per menit.
sadapan II, 25 mm/detik, 10 mm/mV1 kotak kecil = 0,04 detik, 1 kotak besar = 0,20 detikpanjang strip 6 detik
frekuensi ventrikel = bpm
15.Prioritas & delegasiSedang
Seorang perawat menemukan pasien di lantai di samping tempat tidur. Apa tindakan pertama?
- ALangsung membantu pasien kembali ke tempat tidur dengan bantuan rekan
- BMengkaji respons pasien dan cedera sebelum memindahkannya
- CMembuat laporan insiden selagi rincian masih segar
- DMenelepon keluarga pasien untuk menjelaskan apa yang terjadi
16.Prioritas & delegasiSulit
A patient takes lithium. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will take ibuprofen every day for my headaches.”
- B“I will keep my daily salt intake about the same as usual.”
- C“I will drink enough fluid every day.”
- D“I will go for my blood tests as planned.”