1.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSedang
A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?
- ATake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur
- BAvoid all potassium-containing foods
- CStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
- DTake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
2.Medikal-bedah: kardiovaskular & respirasiSulit
A patient with asthma needs their reliever every three hours and their peak flow is falling well below their personal best. What does their action plan most likely advise?
- ADo extra exercise to open the airways
- BFollow the worsening-asthma steps and get a same-day review
- CStop the preventer inhaler for a few days to rest the lungs
- DWait two weeks to see whether it improves without any change
3.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSedang
Setelah trombolisis IV untuk stroke, observasi mana yang paling penting dalam 24 jam pertama?
- APemeriksaan neurologis dan tekanan darah yang sering
- BBerat badan harian dan keseimbangan cairan saja
- CBunyi usus dan lingkar perut setiap jam
- DArus puncak dan saturasi oksigen setiap jam
4.Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjalSulit
A patient with diabetes insipidus after head trauma needs hourly urine output measurement. Which task can be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?
- ADeciding whether to give the next desmopressin dose
- BAssessing the patient's level of consciousness
- CMeasuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
- DInterpreting the serum sodium results
5.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSedang
Mengapa pasien diajari menopang luka abdomen dengan bantal saat batuk?
- AMempercepat penyembuhan tepi kulit
- BMembuat batuk lebih lemah agar luka tidak berisiko
- CMengurangi nyeri dan regangan, sehingga mereka dapat batuk dengan baik
- DMenggantikan kebutuhan analgesia teratur
6.Medikal-bedah: saluran cerna, perioperatif & onkologiSulit
A patient on modified-release morphine for cancer pain has needed four breakthrough doses every day for several days. What should the nurse do?
- ATell the patient to put up with the pain between doses
- BGive all breakthrough doses at the same time
- CStop the breakthrough doses to reduce opioid use
- DReport it, as the regular background dose may need review
7.Keperawatan klinisSedang
Why is lactulose given to a patient with hepatic encephalopathy?
- ATo reduce the absorption of ammonia from the gut
- BTo lower the blood glucose
- CTo stop bleeding from varices
- DTo increase the liver's production of albumin
8.Keperawatan klinisSulit
A patient with hyperkalaemia is given IV insulin with glucose. What is the purpose, and what must be monitored?
- ATo remove potassium from the body; urine output must be stopped for a time
- BTo treat hidden diabetes; HbA1c must be checked daily
- CTo shift potassium into cells; blood glucose must be monitored for hypoglycaemia
- DTo protect the heart muscle directly; the patient must be kept nil by mouth
9.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSedang
A patient starts high-dose prednisone. Which laboratory change should the nurse expect?
- AA rise in blood glucose
- BA fall in the white cell count
- CA fall in serum sodium
- DA rise in serum potassium
10.Nilai laboratorium & elektrolitSulit
Pada malam setelah operasi, hemoglobin pasien turun dari 12,5 g/dL menjadi 8,1 g/dL (125 menjadi 81 g/L), dan denyut jantung 118/menit. Apa masalah yang paling mungkin?
- ADehidrasi
- BPengenceran normal setelah operasi yang tidak memerlukan tindakan
- CPerdarahan
- DKondisi yang membaik
11.Interpretasi analisis gas darah arteriSedang
Gas latihan menunjukkan asidosis metabolik dengan HCO₃⁻ 12 mmol/L. Pakai rumus Winter untuk mencari PaCO₂ yang diharapkan (pusat rentang) dalam mmHg.
HCO₃⁻ 12 mmol/L
PaCO₂ = mmHg
12.Interpretasi analisis gas darah arteriSulit
Pada permukaan laut, gas latihan yang diambil pada oksigen 21% menunjukkan PaO₂ 79 mmHg (10,5 kPa) dan PaCO₂ 33 mmHg (4,4 kPa). Pakai PAO₂ = FiO₂·(760 − 47) − PaCO₂/0,8 untuk mencari Gradien A–a.
FiO₂ 21%PaO₂ 79 mmHg (10,5 kPa)PaCO₂ 33 mmHg (4,4 kPa)
Gradien A–a = mmHg
13.Interpretasi strip irama EKGSedang
Strip sadapan II ini menunjukkan irama sinus dengan satu jeda. Ukur jeda, yaitu interval R–R melewati jeda itu, dalam detik.
sadapan II, 25 mm/detik, 10 mm/mV1 kotak kecil = 0,04 detik, 1 kotak besar = 0,20 detikpanjang strip 6 detik
jeda = s
14.Interpretasi strip irama EKGSulit
Strip sadapan II ini menunjukkan blok AV, sehingga atrium dan ventrikel berdenyut pada frekuensi yang berbeda. Ukur interval P–P dan cari frekuensi atrium dalam denyut per menit (metode 1500, bilangan bulat).
sadapan II, 25 mm/detik, 10 mm/mV1 kotak kecil = 0,04 detik, 1 kotak besar = 0,20 detikpanjang strip 6 detik
frekuensi atrium = bpm
15.Prioritas & delegasiSedang
A patient is raising his voice, pacing and clenching his fists. What should the nurse do first?
- ASpeak calmly, keep a safe distance and invite him to talk about what is wrong
- BTurn away and ignore the behavior
- CStand very close to him and tell him firmly and loudly to sit down and be quiet
- DApply physical restraints at once
16.Prioritas & delegasiSulit
Weeks after a kidney transplant, a patient has a fever, less urine and tenderness over the new kidney. What should the nurse suspect?
- ADehydration from drinking too much
- BA side effect of eating salty food
- CNormal healing of the transplant
- DRejection of the transplant