Keperawatan Jiwa: paket kilat

Lembar rumus, langkah-langkah metode utama untuk setiap topik, dan 6 soal latihan, dengan pembahasan lengkap di bagian belakang.

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1Rumus dan metode

Keperawatan jiwa

Metode

  1. Tentukan apakah ada risiko yang mengancam saat ini: bunuh diri, kekerasan, kegawatan akibat obat, atau penyakit fisik.
  2. Bertindak untuk keselamatan lebih dulu: observasi, singkirkan sarana yang berbahaya, lakukan deeskalasi, hentikan obat yang merugikan, minta bantuan.
  3. Pilih respons terapeutik: akui perasaan, sampaikan kenyataan, hindari penghiburan palsu dan pertanyaan “mengapa”.
  4. Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.

2Soal latihan

1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang

A patient taking clozapine complains of drooling, especially at night. How should the nurse respond?

  1. AStop the clozapine immediately, because this is a sign of agranulocytosis
  2. BExplain that it is a sign of an allergic reaction to the medicine
  3. CRecognise it as a common side effect, report it and suggest a towel on the pillow
  4. DTell him that it means the clozapine dose is too low and needs to be increased
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit

A man with gambling disorder has lost his savings and has large debts. He tells the nurse, "My family would be better off without me." What should the nurse do?

  1. AFocus only on helping him create a budget
  2. BAsk directly about suicidal thoughts and plans, and assess his risk
  3. CReassure him that his family will forgive him
  4. DChange the subject to his gambling triggers and how to avoid the betting shop
3.Psikologi klinisSedang

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) memiliki bukti terbaik untuk:

  1. AMengobati psikosis akut
  2. BMengobati masalah atensi pada anak kecil dengan ADHD
  3. CMenyembuhkan demensia
  4. DMencegah kekambuhan pada orang dengan depresi berulang
4.Psikologi klinisSulit

Ayllon dan Azrin menerapkan token economy di sebuah bangsal psikiatri. Apa temuan utama dan keterbatasannya?

  1. AToken tidak berpengaruh pada perilaku
  2. BHalusinasi pasien hilang secara permanen, dan hasilnya bertahan setelah pasien dipulangkan
  3. CPerilaku sasaran meningkat, tetapi hasilnya sering tidak tergeneralisasi ke luar bangsal
  4. DMetode ini menyembuhkan skizofrenia dalam beberapa minggu
5.FarmakologiSedang

What should the nurse teach a patient about taking levothyroxine?

  1. ATake it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast
  2. BTake it with milk at dinner, as calcium protects the stomach lining
  3. CTake it together with the iron tablet to save time
  4. DTake it only on days when feeling tired
6.FarmakologiSulit

Why may omeprazole be avoided in a patient taking clopidogrel?

  1. AIt inhibits CYP2C19, so less clopidogrel is converted to its active form
  2. BIt increases clopidogrel absorption from the gut and causes bleeding
  3. CIt speeds up kidney excretion of clopidogrel
  4. DIt binds clopidogrel in the stomach and makes it insoluble

3Larutan

1.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: C · Recognise it as a common side effect, report it and suggest a towel on the pillow

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Hypersalivation is a common, unpleasant effect of clozapine, often worse at night. It can be embarrassing and affect adherence, so it is reported; treatments are available, and the nurse also watches for aspiration risk.

Jawaban

C · Recognise it as a common side effect, report it and suggest a towel on the pillow
2.Keperawatan jiwa

Jawaban: B · Ask directly about suicidal thoughts and plans, and assess his risk

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Gambling disorder is associated with a raised risk of suicide, especially with debt, shame and hopelessness. The statement is a warning sign that needs direct questions and risk assessment.

Jawaban

B · Ask directly about suicidal thoughts and plans, and assess his risk
3.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: D · Mencegah kekambuhan pada orang dengan depresi berulang

Mengapa ini jawabannya

MBCT menggabungkan latihan mindfulness dengan terapi kognitif. Uji klinis menunjukkan MBCT mengurangi kekambuhan pada orang dengan tiga episode depresi atau lebih sebelumnya.

Jawaban

D · Mencegah kekambuhan pada orang dengan depresi berulang
4.Psikologi klinis

Jawaban: C · Perilaku sasaran meningkat, tetapi hasilnya sering tidak tergeneralisasi ke luar bangsal

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Token economy meningkatkan perilaku merawat diri dan bekerja pada pasien rawat jangka panjang, tetapi perubahannya cenderung memudar tanpa penguatan, dan pendekatan ini memunculkan kekhawatiran etis tentang kontrol.

Jawaban

C · Perilaku sasaran meningkat, tetapi hasilnya sering tidak tergeneralisasi ke luar bangsal
5.Farmakologi

Jawaban: A · Take it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Levothyroxine is best absorbed on an empty stomach, and calcium, iron and antacids should be taken some hours apart. It is taken every day, usually for life.

Jawaban

A · Take it on an empty stomach, 30–60 minutes before breakfast
6.Farmakologi

Jawaban: A · It inhibits CYP2C19, so less clopidogrel is converted to its active form

Mengapa ini jawabannya

Clopidogrel must be activated by liver enzymes, mainly CYP2C19. Omeprazole inhibits this enzyme and can reduce its antiplatelet effect, so another acid suppressant may be chosen.

Jawaban

A · It inhibits CYP2C19, so less clopidogrel is converted to its active form

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