Hormati hak pasien: pilihan yang paling tidak membatasi, persetujuan, dan kerahasiaan beserta batasnya.
2Soal latihan
1.Keperawatan jiwaSedang
A patient on a mental health ward insists that he is a famous inventor whose ideas were stolen by the government. Which type of delusion is the main one here?
ASomatic
BNihilistic
CGrandiose
DErotomanic
2.Keperawatan jiwaSulit
A 76-year-old with no history of mental illness suddenly develops paranoid ideas and hallucinations. What is the most appropriate first step?
ADiagnose late-onset schizophrenia and start an antipsychotic immediately
BLook for medical causes, such as delirium, medicines, infection or a neurocognitive disorder
CAssume it is normal ageing and take no action
DAdmit him to a secure psychiatric ward straight away, without any physical examination or blood tests
3.Psikologi klinisSedang
Skala validitas pada MMPI dirancang untuk mendeteksi:
AJawaban yang tidak konsisten, dilebih-lebihkan, atau defensif
BKerusakan otak
CTerapi mana yang paling berhasil
DTingkat inteligensi klien
4.Psikologi klinisSulit
Seorang pasien skizofrenia diam tak bergerak dalam postur canggung selama berjam-jam dan melawan upaya untuk menggerakkannya. Klaster gejala apakah ini?
AKatatonia
BDiskinesia tardif
CAlogia
DSiar pikir (thought broadcasting)
5.FarmakologiSedang
A patient has oral mucositis after chemotherapy. Which advice is appropriate?
ABrush hard with a firm toothbrush to remove debris
BEat spicy and acidic foods to stimulate healing
CUse a soft toothbrush and rinse with saline or a bland mouthwash
DUse an alcohol-based mouthwash several times a day to kill germs
6.FarmakologiSulit
A patient with an epidural infusion of local anaesthetic becomes hypotensive. What is the most likely mechanism?
AThe drug increases urine output and causes dehydration
BThe epidural catheter has caused heavy bleeding
CBlockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation
DThe local anaesthetic causes a severe allergic reaction
3Larutan
1.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: C · Grandiose
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Grandiose delusions are false beliefs about one's own importance, power or identity. They may combine with persecutory themes, as here, but the central belief is about being exceptional.
Jawaban
C · Grandiose
2.Keperawatan jiwa
Jawaban: B · Look for medical causes, such as delirium, medicines, infection or a neurocognitive disorder
Mengapa ini jawabannya
New psychosis in an older adult needs a full medical work-up. Delirium, medicine effects, infections, metabolic problems, dementia and brain lesions are common causes.
Jawaban
B · Look for medical causes, such as delirium, medicines, infection or a neurocognitive disorder
3.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: A · Jawaban yang tidak konsisten, dilebih-lebihkan, atau defensif
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Skala validitas menandai jawaban acak, berpura-pura buruk (faking bad), atau berpura-pura baik (faking good), sehingga klinisi tahu apakah profil skala klinis dapat ditafsirkan.
Jawaban
A · Jawaban yang tidak konsisten, dilebih-lebihkan, atau defensif
4.Psikologi klinis
Jawaban: A · Katatonia
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Ciri katatonik meliputi stupor, posturing, fleksibilitas lilin (waxy flexibility), mutisme, dan negativisme. Dalam DSM-5, katatonia dapat terjadi bersama skizofrenia, gangguan suasana hati, atau kondisi medis.
Jawaban
A · Katatonia
5.Farmakologi
Jawaban: C · Use a soft toothbrush and rinse with saline or a bland mouthwash
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Chemotherapy damages rapidly dividing mucosal cells. Gentle oral care, saline rinses and avoiding alcohol, spicy and acidic foods reduce pain and infection risk.
Jawaban
C · Use a soft toothbrush and rinse with saline or a bland mouthwash
6.Farmakologi
Jawaban: C · Blockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation
Mengapa ini jawabannya
Epidural local anaesthetics block sympathetic fibres as well as sensory nerves. This dilates blood vessels and lowers blood pressure, so fluids, position changes or vasopressors may be needed.
Jawaban
C · Blockade of sympathetic nerves causes vasodilation